Privacy on Social Networks - 2362 Words

Privacy on Social Networks Tasdiq A. 11/4/2010 The privacy issues surrounding social networking sites are nothing new by any stretch of the imagination, but it seems that many people have mismatched expectations when it comes to privacy and social networks. Social Network Sites (SNS) are websites that allow users to upload information to a public profile, create a list of online friends, and browse the profiles of other users of the SNS. The websites have membership rules and community standards. Users disclose identity-relevant information via their profile to others. This information is referential, directly referring to a person, or attributive, describing attributes to the data subject. Although most laws and regulations restrict†¦show more content†¦That can be pretty devastating for someone who has dedicated lots of time and money to it. Laws to minimize privacy threats Not all threats for privacy in Social Network Sites materialize and damage users in the same way. A risk analysis approach is needed to incorporate these insecurities into the analysis. The experts identified multiple threats for users of Social Network Sites. When these threats materialize, they become incidents that affect a certain amount of people. However, not all of these incidents damage users in the same way. The damage incurred depends on the type of threat and the perception of the user. Laws are directed at preventing the threats from materializing. More specifically, American tort laws create means for people to find compensations against the damages they incurred. Experts rate to what extent the tort laws address the threats for privacy and resulting damages they identified. The ratings of the various tort laws are depicted in illustration below. In 1986, Congress passed the Stored Communications Act as part of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act to address privacy issues attendant to the advent of the internet. Through the SCA, Congress intended to restrict disclosure of private communications by providers of electronic communications services. However, when Congress passed the SCA, the internet was in itsShow MoreRelatedEssay about Privacy on Social Networks2324 Words   |  10 Pageswhether or not existing data protection laws protect the privacy of individuals whose personal information has been disclosed on social networking sites. Over the last decade social networking sites (SNS) have increased their popularity among the people. These SNS are mySpace, facebook, twitter, bebo etc. There are various reasons of people using these sites. However, majority of SNS users are those people who use these sites for social networking e.g. chatting with friends, sharing their interestsRead MoreThe Issue Of Security And Privacy In Social Network Users1023 Words   |  5 Pages The Issue of Security and Privacy in Social Network Users Purpose statement The purpose of the study is to examine the issues related to using of social network users and the applications that offered by the third-party websites and impact of the security and privacy. Rationale Technology has been improved, and according to Torres and Deirdre (2014), almost each person is registered on this social network platforms. The networking of these sites has grown rapidly in the recent years. Albesher andRead MoreBSTRACT Social Networking sites are playing an important role in personal life as well as1300 Words   |  6 PagesBSTRACT Social Networking sites are playing an important role in personal life as well as business. A social networking site has become very popular for people to connect and share their interest with family and friends. Although the use of social networks is increasingly on the rise, many users are properly informed of the risks associated with using social networks. The risks as well as the security and privacy issues of social networks in business and public policy need to be evaluated and studiedRead MoreA Shared Responsibility For Online Privacy1243 Words   |  5 Pages A Shared Responsibility for Online Privacy There are some things in life people can control and things they cannot. When driving, people can fasten their seat belt, keep their car’s limits, and focus on the area ahead to avoid car accidents. Whereas when flying, people cannot do many things to protect themselves, but rely on the government’s aviation regulations and airlines’ enforcement to increase flight safety. Likewise, when it comes to the online privacy, web users can control the passwordsRead MoreSocial Networking Sites and Privacy1155 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction What do about ninety percent of us have in common? It’s the social networking sites that everyone is a part of these days, whether it’s your twelve year old nephew or your grandmother. Spending hours and hours connecting with your old friends and making new friends over the social networking sites has become a part of everyone’s daily routine. Nonetheless, recently privacy concerns over the social networking sites have taken its peak. Background It all started several decades back,Read MoreSocial Networking And Privacy : It s A New Age Of Technology1272 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Networking and Privacy It’s a new age of technology; use of social networking websites is increasing day by day. Every single aspect of our lives asks for technological services. Technology is getting more important day by day for humans to survive, every single person now a day’s uses social networking websites like facebook, twitter, pinterest, instagram or at least one of these websites mainly facebook. Social networking is a way to connect with people with similar tastes as oneself andRead MorePrivacy Issues on Facebook1149 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Introduction Companies going digital have a variety of issues to contend with. These include but they are not limited to security, privacy and copyright/patent issues. This text concerns itself with one of the most serious challenges such companies face i.e. privacy issues. In seeking to address the issue of privacy comprehensively, this text will largely limit itself to Facebook. Privacy Issues on Facebook Over time, various technological innovations have presented both challenges and opportunities for organizations/companiesRead MoreHow Privacy And User Control Within A World Of Big Web Data1551 Words   |  7 PagesA Proposal on: How to Preserve Privacy and User Control in a world of Big web Data Background to the study Over the past few years, the volume of data collected and stored by business and government organizations has exploded. This data are refer to as â€Å"big data†, as it is an evolving term that describes any voluminous amount of structured, semi-structured and unstructured data that has the potential to be mined for information. The big data is a by-product of everyday human activities on theRead MorePrivacy Levels on Social Networking Sites - To What Extent Are They 1743 Words   |  7 PagesPrivacy Levels on Social Networking Sites - To What Extent Are They Compromised? Introduction A social networking site can be defined as a website where people can network, and communicate with another. These websites are designed solely for the purpose of communities being made, whether you want to re-connect with an old high school friend, or whether you just want to make some friends online in general. Social networking sites have revolutionised communication, and are now one of theRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effect On Individual Privacy944 Words   |  4 PagesDue to Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and a variety of other social networking sites and apps, millions of online users can connect and share their lives with each other. However, in a complex network where millions of people can create and post their daily lives, the collection and analysis of personal information by online social networking sites has been controversial due to its potential to weaken individual privacy. The online platforms are owned by businesses that have the goal to optimize performance

Autism Prevalence, Research And The Historical Viewpoint

Autism Prevalence, Research and the Historical Viewpoint Historically, from the published accounts of autism, it has been a male orientated disorder (Thompson et al., 2003; Werling and Gerschwind, 2013). It first came to light in the early 1940s and during this period Doctor Leo Kanner introduced the idea of â€Å"early infantile autism† (Kanner, 1943), this previously unreported model of behaviour was characterised by significant impairment in the areas of social interaction and communication, and extreme resistance to change and lack of adaptability (Wing and Potter, 2002). Following on from this, in 1944 Hans Asperger, a child psychologist and pediatrician, described a similar syndrome, but with milder functional impairments, he labelled†¦show more content†¦Until relatively recently is has been widely accepted boys were four times more likely to be diagnosed with ASD than girls (Whiteley, et al., 2010). This idea is supported by an evaluation of forty three studies into pervasive development disorders conducted by Fom bonne (2003), the study was longitudinal in nature and spanned a forty year period, the median ratio of males to females with ASD found was 4:1 Nevertheless, more recently, current studies which incorporate females within their samples, suggest the male-female ratio may be closer to 2:1 (Frazier et al., 2014; Idring et al., 2014; Halladay et al., 2014). Indicating results from previous research may possess an intrinsic bias in terms of gender, as historically the majority of enquiries have not included females within their sample (Thompson et al., 2003; Van Wijngaarden-Cremers et al., 2013). Alongside the overarching male dominance in diagnosis, there is a greater disparity in the male-female differential for high functioning autism and Aspergers, than for individuals with a comorbid intellectual disability (Fombonne, 1999; Fombonne et al., 2011). The higher prevalence of autism in males at the high functioning end, compared to those with intellectual disability, led to researchers toShow MoreRelatedWeek3psy304Document 2 2331 Words   |  10 Pages  A.10%  B.25%  C.40%  D.100% Answer Key:  D 1.0/ 1.0 Points One aspect of the visual system that helps us achieve selective attention is   A.accommodation  B.the concentration of cones in the fovea  C.chemical structure of the vitreous humor  D.the prevalence of amacrine cells in the peripheral retina Answer Key:  B 1.0/ 1.0 Points The incidence of change blindness _________ when a cue is added to the scene that indicates which part of the scene has changed.   A.increases  B.decreases  C.remains unchanged  DRead MoreLiterature Review6685 Words   |  27 Pages[2013] and his believed that with an increase in knowledge the worldview polarization of science also doubled. Apparently, these issues are evident to point out to the fact that anti-vaccine attitudes are predicted by them. But there is very limited research in place, to depict the underlying factor beneath these forms of psychosocial behaviors against vaccines. The notion of worldview approach to anti-vaccine over vaccines is a current one and stems from paranormal, spiritual, and conspiracy beliefsRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesFoundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 Organizational Change and Stress Management 577 Appendix A Research in Organizational Behavior Comprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 Management

How do you account for the co existence of poverty Essay Example For Students

How do you account for the co existence of poverty Essay and prosperity in Britain during the interwar years?In this essay I am going to examine how and why there was both prosperity and poverty within Britain throughout the interwar years. The war left Britain with a weakened economy, after a brief post war boom ending in April 1921 Britain was in a position where the pre war staple industries such as coal mining were no longer providing jobs. This caused the problem of unemployment concentrated in certain areas. However there was another side to Britains economy that was on the rise, thought there was mass unemployment for some others where becoming very prosperous. Some of the population where living in good conditions, receiving paid holidays while others where unemployed and living in poverty. There was great diversity in the health care available in different areas. Prosperous peoples real wage rose as prices feel. Prosperous area had never had it so good while areas of poverty where living in poor conditions with bad health and insufficient food supply. The prosperous people had a lot more on offer to them and leisure rose tremendously. People had more to spend on entertainment and leisure than before, in 1939 20 million people visited the coasts of England. Dance halls where also very popular in the 1930s as a source for enjoyment and for a nice evening out. Family sizes gradually lowered in working class families and this meant that they had even more money to spend. During the interwar years there was a change between the vast amounts of blue-collar workers from before world war one to becoming more white-collar workers due to the growth of new industry. The rise in real wages and the gradual decrease in family size meant that the middle class now had much more disposable income, this was seen by the amount spent on leisure. Gambling became Britains second biggest industry in 1939 with 10million people every week. A lot of the people in lower classes and from the areas of poverty also played in the chance of winning. Due to mass unemployment many families where living in poverty, having worked previously in staple industrys theses workers found themselves unemployed with no jobs available to them. During world war one the problems with staple industries had been masked by the need for war supplies. After the war the problem of employment in these industries then arose. This left the men who had been in job in the staple industries without a job. There was support from the government for the unemployed but the benefits they received were not close to the wage they had previously had. This made their life style very hard, the death rates in these areas rose greatly. Many of the parents would go without so they children could eat sufficiently making them weak and unhealthy. One factor in the coexistence of poverty and prosperity was the geographical position of industries. Before world war one staple industries such as coal mining where heavily concentrated in the north of England, Scotland and south Wales. These areas where worst hit by unemployment and poverty. The great poverty in these areas was not seen in others because they had not relied on the staple industries to provide jobs. The decline in old staple industries was accompanied by a growth in new industries such as electrical engineering, motor manufacture, man made fibres and chemicals. These newer industries where located mostly to the south particularly between the east midlands and London. Areas where new industries where located was where the prosperity was. People had well paid jobs. This in turn meant that the health was higher in these areas. It was higher for many reasons, many house holds would contribute small sums to support their local hospitals, in areas of poverty people could not afford to contribute so the hospitals where of low quality. Another way the health was better was because there was a better diet in prosperous areas, there was a greater range of foods and enough to go round. Although money was being put into health new facilities where unevenly spread, the services where unavailable to lower class families. The situation in areas of poverty was very different. There would not be enough food for the family and it was often seen that married women became very ill as they would put their family first and not eat sufficient amounts. These two very different conditions where able to coexist in the same country as they where separate from one another, the poverty and prosperity was physically separated. Trifles by Susan Glaspell EssayIn conclusion there are many ways to account for the coexistence of poverty and prosperity. The weak economy after the war very quickly led to unemployment despite a small post war boom. Unemployment set in in areas where staple industries had been concentrated. This meant that unemployment was concentrated in these areas too. With the industries down the economy of these areas sunk dramatically. The location of new industries in the south, away from staple industries meant that these areas where safer from unemployment. With the development of new industries came the improvement of housing, health care and leisure for those with the money. The rise in real wage along with the decrease in family size meant that people had a lot more disposable income in these areas. The poorer people did not have access to any of the developments or improvements and where simply stuck where they where. With no money to move there was no chance of getting a job in a ne w industry, loss of possessions and being forced to sell and pawn items for money didnt provide enough for the people living in poverty. A key factor in the coexistence of poverty and prosperity is that they are geographically separate. The poor could not access the developments. The new industries provided new things for the prosperous to purchase, motorcars gave them the chance to move in to suburban areas and drive to other places. Another key reason is that the government did not do enough to bring about real changes to the unemployed and the people themselves where unable to get them selfs out of the poverty. Unemployment benefit was low and was not enough to allow families to save to move. It was only just enough to live on. The population living in poverty had no options they where stuck where they where receiving to little or no help from the authorities, this left mass areas in bad conditions which could not be changed as there was no money to change the conditions with. People where healthy in the prosperous areas and in areas of poverty the people just had to make, doing as they could.

Chicano Arts Movement Essay Example For Students

Chicano Arts Movement Essay Savannah Shooters Sandra Castanet English 5-6 appropriate Chicane Art Movement As artists began to actively participate in the efforts to redress the plight of Mexicans in the United States, there emerged a new iconography and symbolic language which not only articulated the movement, but became the core of a Chicane cultural renaissance. (Avenges) Chicane Art developed in the asses during the political eruption of the civil rights movements in the united States. This renaissance in the arts was in fact the birth and flowering of a Chicane oral view or Chicane aesthetic and because of its close alliance with and commitment to social change and political activism it is known today as the Chicane Art Movement. From the ranks of this movement came artists, poets and actors who collectively generated a cultural renaissance and whose work played a key role in creating the ideology of the Chicane movement, (Avenges) J_SIT ANOTHER POSTER? Chicane Graphic Arts in California, is the first exhibition and book that explores the poster art created by dozens of Chicane artists in California trot the late asses to the present I am honored to be among the artists included in this historic collection. Graphic art has played a key role in II Movement(the Chicane civil rights movement), and the poster has been used to educate, agitate, and organize Americans of Mexican descent, One could even say that political awareness and social activism grew out of the Chi cane arts movement. Chicane art has had many influences Certainly Mexican artists like Joss © Guadalupe Posada, Friday Kohl, and David Quires have had their effect, UT so hue American comic books, Cuban political posters, and spray-painted barrio calligraphy. (Fallen) Chicane poster art became a means to help preserve and promote a culture largely ignored by the dominant Resurrection.

European and Chinese Cross Cultural Encounters 17th Century Essay Example

European and Chinese Cross Cultural Encounters: 17th Century Essay The encounter between Chinese and European cultures in the 17th century highlighted the idea held by many in European culture that they were superior to the Chinese in matters of science, as well as society and religion. I will use two sources to support my argument. One is Louis Le Comte’s letter to Lord Philipeaux of France from 1697. Le Comte was a French Jesuit missionary who traveled to China in order to spread Christianity. His letter entailed observations and memoirs that covered how the Chinese approached scientific subjects, and what their scientific culture was like. The information in the letter gives us a clear look into what the French thought about the Chinese, which was also an idea that was held by many in Europe. The other source that I will use is the Chinese World Map of 1602, which was made by Matteo Ricci, Li Zhizao and Zhang Wentao, along with the translations from Ricci in its captions. These translations further demonstrate the European thought that they were superior to the Chinese in many aspects. In my essay I will analyze the European thought that they were superior to the Chinese, specifically in the sciences of astronomy, astrology, medicine, and geography. We will write a custom essay sample on European and Chinese Cross Cultural Encounters: 17th Century specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on European and Chinese Cross Cultural Encounters: 17th Century specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on European and Chinese Cross Cultural Encounters: 17th Century specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Before we get into the scientific subjects, and the culture which defines them, we need an understanding of how the Europeans perceived the Chinese. To do this we need to examine Le Comte’s letter. This will help us understand the rhetoric and argumentative tools that he uses to make the country of France appear understanding, while making the Chinese look arrogant. The irony of this letter is that, by criticizing the Chinese for being arrogant and rude, Le Comte is actually the one being arrogant and rude. Le Comte is blind to this matter because he does not believe that his country is flawed. An example of this is when Le Comte starts his letter by giving the Chinese credit for instilling â€Å"wit† in the people of Siam. After making an attempt to seem like he respects the Chinese he goes on to insult them by saying that the Chinese believe that the â€Å"People of the East† are â€Å"blind† and that they believe themselves to be â€Å"the most intelligent Nation in the World. 1 What Le Comte meant by this is that the Chinese viewed the Europeans as unknowing and in the dark. This view lacks credibility, for though the Chinese were an advanced culture and some Chinese philosophers or academics might have thought themselves superior to the Europeans, the Europeans definitely thought they were superior to the Chinese. By saying that the Chinese thought themselves superior he attempts to discredit them. This feeling of superiority is a moral superiority which stems from the belief that the French, Italians, and other Europeans held. The idea is that they held themselves to higher moral standards like politeness. The underlying component of the superiority complex that flowed through European nations was religion. Christianity was the major belief system and it shaped the way the natural world was thought of. The way science was conducted and thought of was especially shaped by Christian beliefs. They believed in one God and that this God controlled everything. They also believed that the way the natural world worked was because of God. This was contrary to what the Chinese thought. They believed in multiple beings and that there was energy called Qi that altered events in the natural world. This was looked down upon by European scholars, especially by the Jesuits and they set out to change the Chinese beliefs because they found them inadequate. This idea that the French were more advanced is evident in Le Comte’s reflection on Chinese astronomy. According to Le Comte, â€Å"that never did People in the World addict themselves so constantly to it. † He says that the Chinese used this science to make an abundance of observations but that the Chinese were vague in their notes and observations that they could not possibly maximize the benefits of these observations. This way of thinking about science as a way to benefit a culture is a very European way of thinking, and Le Comte is using it as a way to view his culture as superior because the Chinese do not use astronomy in the same way as Europeans use it. An outright example of the superiority which the Europeans feel is seen when Le Comte calls the Chinese astronomical tables imperfect, and that, although it took a while the Chinese astronomers finally grasped â€Å"some skill in Our Astronomy. †. He is making the assumption that the European approach to astronomy is the better than the Chinese approach. The final comment he makes on this subject is how Chinese successes in making calendars should be attributed to the Europeans. 5 By saying the Europeans should be credited with the Chinese’ calendar production; he makes the Chinese look dependent on them as a source of income. This supposed reliance that Le Comte says the Chinese have on the Europeans makes the Europeans seem much more superior. The same idea of superiority is echoed by Le Comte in his remarks on Chinese astrology, which we will take a look at in this paragraph. Le Comte is very negative in his view on the Chinese astrologers. He looks at them as having a â€Å"knack of Lying† and that they are being deceitful in saying, for example, that good days for building and marriages depend â€Å"upon the Influence of the Heavens†. The European explanation that he offers is that, rather than depending on the heavens, these things depend on the â€Å"Wisdom and Discretion of Men†. 4 This way of thinking is based off of Christianity. Their belief system would not support the idea that planetary motion, or celestial occurrences would influence things on Earth. In their minds God was the source that controlled nature and that the planets that were way out in space could not possibly effect events on earth. This idea that God controls heaven and earth, as Matteo Ricci says in the translations of his World Map, was the thought that the Jesuits were trying to instill in the Chinese. The attempt to Christianize the Chinese would require the Chinese to abandon their current knowledge system. This explains why Le Comte is so harsh towards the Chinese by calling them liars. What Le Comte is trying to do, by being extremely critical of the Chinese’ astrologers, is discredit the Chinese and attack their knowledge system by saying that it is flawed. This example shows how the Europeans thought that they were the more advanced culture, and it is also a good example of what lengths they would go to in order to instill their more perfect religion on the Chinese (My emphasis). Moving on to the science of medicine we see the same European idea that the Chinese were inferior. Le Comte attributes the lack of advancement in Chinese medicine to the desire of the Chinese to be more advanced in physics, natural philosophy and anatomy. We can see here, that even when the Europeans acknowledge the Chinese for being advanced in some areas, they still find a way to put a negative spin on that acknowledgement. Even the Chinese’ most â€Å"famous† science is degraded by Le Comte. â€Å"Pulses†, which made the Chinese famous throughout the World, was thought of by Chinese physicians as the â€Å"Foundation of all Medicine. 6 It is criticized by Le Comte because they did not use â€Å"reasoning and arguing† when practicing or learning this technique. 6 This â€Å"reasoning and arguing† that the Europeans believed was necessary for correct scientific practice came from the scientific method which they believed would allow them to learn subject matter and to conduct experiments. Since the Chinese did not use this method, the Europeans automatically thought that the Chinese method was inadequate and that their way was better. This led to the criticism of Chinese methods, and, just as with astrology, the Europeans accused the Chinese of â€Å"pretending† to know what they were doing because the Chinese relied on tradition and practice rather than methodology and testing. Le Compte goes on about how the Chinese â€Å"play the Prophet† and how people should not trust them because they use trickery in order to get people to pay money for a cure to their ailment. 7 He also highlights a Chinese medical practice which he says is â€Å"unmerciful†. The practice he is referring to is the application of a hot iron to the feet of people that are plagued with Colick which is a disease that causes â€Å"continual vomiting† and â€Å"Gripes†. The word that Le Compte uses to describe the practice is â€Å"unmerciful† and â€Å"violent†. He sees the Chinese as barbaric which would set himself, as a European, apart from the Chinese. Again, the European belief that they were greater than the Chinese is echoed in this description of medical practices. The Europeans believed that the Chinese had a habit of lying and deceiving in order to make a quick profit for any form of medicine. This is especially evident when Le Compte comments on the way which people were allowed practice medicine without being certified. He goes as far as to say that the Chinese who practice medicine without certification care more about the money they receive from their patient, than if their patient dies. The idea that someone needed to be certified to practice medicine is very European. The major problem that Le Comte seems to have with this way of thinking that the Chinese have is not that people are dying, but that the Chinese idea is different from Europe’s. Europeans believed themselves to be honest and caring about using medicine and medical practices to help people, which made them superior to the Chinese. This relates back to the moral superiority that they felt. Moving from medicine let’s take a look at geography and map making. During Matteo Ricci’s time in China he met Mr. Li Wo-ts’un, a studier of geography who made maps of the world. Ricci brought a map, that he made, to him and Wo-ts’un became â€Å"deeply interested† in it. After seeing this map Wo-ts’un convinced himself that â€Å"the correspondence between celestial circles and the terrestrial degrees of latitude and longitude was based on an immutable law. † For an entire year he made â€Å"painstaking calculations† but, according to Ricci, Wo-ts’un neglected the â€Å"narrow scope† of his own map. Now, in order to remedy this Wo-ts’un asked Ricci to make a much larger map, and Ricci agreed. Ricci’s description of why he agreed to make the map is an attempt to belittle Wo-ts’un’s map making skills. At the same time, Ricci attempts to seem fair by saying that he will need help in making this new map from the old maps of his â€Å"humble country†. However, he is the opposite of humble when he finishes making the new map. Ricci starts making a speech about how God was the reason that he made this incredible map and that he looks â€Å"with hope and expectation to those who, like himself (myself), are sojourners on this earth†. This is an attempt to give credit to his Christian God. Ricci’s purpose of being in China was to spread Christianity, so any chance to make his religion appear as if it were the reason for something important is taken. By examining the desire to spread their own religion to the Chinese, we see that the European’s felt like the Chinese belief system was inadequate, and that they needed to believe in something else. This is the concrete example of the importance that the Europeans felt. Religion was the key motivator that made Europeans feel superior to the Chinese. By examining the encounter that the European missionaries and Chinese had in the 17th century we see that the Europeans felt superior to the Chinese. This feeling was evident when Ricci and Le Compte compared the sciences of astronomy, astrology, medicine, and geography. The belief in Christianity that the European missionaries had was the foundation of the cause of this superior feeling. Comments: This cultural encounter was very interesting because it highlighted how the European’s were very intent on pushing their religion on the Chinese. One thing I did not mention was that the Chinese did not give in to the Jesuit missionaries because I do not believe it would add anything to the essay. Bibliography ) Matteo Ricci, Li Zhizao, and Zang Wentao. World Map of 1602. 2) Giles, Lionel. â€Å"Translations from the Chinese World Map of Father Ricci. † In two files corresponding to two dates of publication in, The Geographical Journal, Vol. 52, No. 6 (Dec. , 1918), pp. 367-385, and The Geographical Journal, Vol. 53, No. 1 (Jan. , 1919), pp. 19-30 3) Le Comte, Louis. Memoirs and Observations Typographical, Physical, Mathem atical, Mechanical, Natural, Civil, and Ecclesiastical, Made In a Late Journey Through the Empire of China, and Published In Several Letters†¦ with Many Other Curious and Useful Remarks. London: Printed for Benj. Tooke†¦, and Sam. Buckley †¦, 1697. [ 1 ]. Le Comte, Louis. p. 220 [ 2 ]. Le Comte, Louis p. 222 [ 3 ]. Le Comte, p. 222 [ 4 ]. Le Comte, p. 223 [ 5 ]. Giles, Lionel p. 370 [ 6 ]. Le Comte, Louis p. 224 [ 7 ]. Le Comte, Louis p. 225 [ 8 ]. Le Comte, Louis p. 227 [ 9 ]. Le Comte, Louis p. 231 [ 10 ]. Giles, Lionel p. 368 [ 11 ]. Giles, Lionel p. 369

The Presidents Role in the U.S. Federal Budget Process

The Presidents Role in the U.S. Federal Budget Process The annual federal budget process begins the first Monday in February of each year and should be concluded by October 1, the start of the new Federal Fiscal Year. In some make that most years, the October 1 date is not met. Here is how the process is supposed to work. The President Submits a Budget Proposal to Congress In the first step of the annual U.S. federal budget process, the President of the United States formulates and submits a budget request for the upcoming fiscal year to Congress. Under the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921, the president is required to submit his or her proposed budget to Congress for each government fiscal year, the 12-month period beginning on October 1 and ending on September 30 of the next calendar year. Current federal budget law requires the president to submit the budget proposal budget between the first Monday in January and the first Monday in February. Typically, the president’s budget is submitted during the first week of February. However, especially in years when the new, incoming president belongs to a different party than the former president, submittal of the budget may be delayed. The president’s budget proposal may also be delayed by pressing government financial difficulties. For example, President Barack Obama did not submit his FY 2014 budget proposal until April 10, 2013, due to ongoing negotiations with Congress over the implementation of the budget sequester and mandatory spending cuts dictated by the Budget Control Act of 2011. In fiscal year 2016, the federal budget called for the expenditure of nearly $4 trillion. So, as you might imagine, deciding exactly how that much taxpayer money is to be spent represents a major part of the president’s job. While the formulation of the president’s annual budget proposal takes several months, the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 (the Budget Act) requires that it be presented to Congress on or before the first Monday in February. In formulating the budget request, the president is assisted by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), a major, independent part of the Executive Office of the President. The president’s budget proposals, as well as the final approved budget, are posted on the OMB website. Based on the input of the federal agencies, the presidents budget proposal projects estimated spending, revenue, and borrowing levels broken down by functional categories for the coming fiscal year to start on October 1.The president’s budget proposal includes volumes of information prepared by the president intended to convince Congress that the president’s spending priorities and amounts are justified. In addition, each federal executive branch agency and independent agency includes its own funding request and supporting information. All of these documents are also posted on the OMB website. The presidents budget proposal includes a suggested level of funding for each Cabinet-level agency and all programs currently administered by them. The presidents budget proposal serves as a starting point for the Congress to consider. Congress is under no obligation to adopt all or any of the Presidents budget and often makes significant changes. However, since the President must ultimately approve all future bills they might pass, Congress is often reluctant to completely ignore the spending priorities of the Presidents budget. House and Senate Budget Committees Report the Budget Resolution The Congressional Budget Act requires passage of an annual Congressional Budget Resolution, a concurrent resolution passed in identical form by both House and Senate, but not requiring the Presidents signature. The Budget Resolution is an important document providing Congress an opportunity to lay out its own spending, revenue, borrowing and economic goals for the coming fiscal year, as well as the next five future fiscal years. In recent years, the Budget Resolution has included suggestions for government program spending reforms leading to the goal of a balanced budget. Both the House and Senate Budget Committees hold hearings on the annual Budget Resolution. The committees seek testimony from presidential administration officials, Members of Congress and expert witnesses. Based on testimony and their deliberations, each committee writes or marks-up its respective version of the Budget Resolution. The Budget Committees are required to present or report their final Budget Resolution for consideration by the full House and Senate by April 1. Next Steps: Congress Prepares its Budget Resolution

Department of Agriculture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Department of Agriculture - Research Paper Example This rule proposes changing the marketing agreements that are established between packers and suppliers through the changing of judicial precedent. Ultimately this would make it easier for suppliers to sue in the Packers & Stockyards Act Lawsuit. Furthermore, this act would make it less likely that a packers union to utilize such an agreement. In the end, it was postulated that most, Cattle, Pig & Poultry producers as well as meat & poultry processors oppose this regulatory change. In the past, these marketing agreements help livestock producers manage volatile changes in prices through the establishment of long term contracts. In many respects it has been argued that these long term agreements only benefit large packing concerns and by banning these agreements it becomes easier for smaller packers to compete and ultimately create more bidding pressure on cattle, pig & poultry producers. Although this sounds great on paper the experience in reality may not be the same. Many producers favor long term agreements owing to a great deal of uncertainty in the price of livestock. The paper demonstrated that the price of livestock is 500% more volatile than the price of meat. ... This (Theoretically) would lead to a decreased demand for meat. The cascading effect may not only lead to overall drop in demand for meat and meat byproducts but could also lead to a decline in the quantity of jobs in the industry. If producers would not be allowed to enter into long term marketing agreements, ultimately there would be a 500% more volatile would translate to higher uncertainty in the market and make it difficult to guarantee long-term stable employment. Currently there are more than 14 million people looking for employment in the United States and this regulatory change would theoretically remove approximately 21,000 stable jobs from the worker pool. The implications from this would be a strongly negative effect on the American economy. Moreover one could postulate that these changes would also have a negative effect on the long term prospects of stable employment for retailers as well. With increased prices of meat products this may reduce the overall profitability of meat products at the retail level. Lastly this uncertainty would lead to a difficulty in the production of quality production products such as raising U.S. Prime or top end U.S. Choice. Without a guarantee that top quality livestock will receive a profitable price, than it may be the case that many ranchers will focus their efforts away from breeding higher quality cattle and move towards more generic cattle. In terms of trickle down effect one can expect some negative consequences for suppliers to the cattle, pork and poultry industries. As there is less incentive to produce high quality livestock one can expect a negative consequence for growers of

Human Resources Management. Basic knowledge Essay

Human Resources Management. Basic knowledge - Essay Example The process of globalization influences both public and private sectors of economy. It does not influence business under the conditions of competition produced by adding new participants to the market; this process promotes benchmarking as the best mean of developing business. For instance, the experts in UK are worried with the fact that specialists from the USA and the rest of Europe occupy leading positions in various companies or institutions of public sector. (Hunter et al.) These changes that affect competitive environment and working background forced human resource management reconsider its significance and roles, and adopt its functions to the demands of the present day. The process of reconsidering and revaluation of the HR role shows that the changes have already started, and this process slowly goes on. There are no investigations, reflecting the stages of the process, but the specialists speak about some significant points that indicate progressive nature of the process. In the middle of 90s HR professionals defined the process of changes that in the sphere of HR. Dave Ulrich is one of them. Some of his writings are devoted to this question and the nature of evolution that occurred in the sphere of HR during last fifteen years. He draws new roles in the sphere of HR. ... This function also includes watching relations among employees and establishing a new role to keep performance on high level - the role of employee champion. One more significant role is given to change agent, who should be occupied with the obstacles that may disturb successful business development and with the ways of keeping the business course on right direction. (Ulrich, 2005) In the article "Role Call" Ulrich provides a comparison of the roles in the process of changes, examining how the nature and purpose of each role changed within recent years. He enumerates the following roles that were relevant to the sphere of HR at the beginning of the 90s: "coach, enabler, advocate, change agent, initiative leader, employee champion, business partner, HR leader, strategist, rapid deployment specialist, internal consultant, operational supporter, knowledge facilitator, thought leader, competency professional, client relationship manager and even human capital steward and manager of firm infrastructure." (Ulrich, 2005) At first, he suggested changing the terms defining the specialists, as the essence of their work and functions changed. Employee champion - employee advocate and human capital developer As it has been said above, he provided a framework showing the changes that occurred within these roles. The first of them is shift from the role of employee champion to employee advocate and human capital developer. To say more precisely, this role divided into two separate roles. Here is the definition of "employee champion" provided by Ulrich in one of his previous works: "Employee champions listen and respond to employees and find the right balance between demands on employees and resources available

Team Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Team - Case Study Example He is always ready to help with the tasks that no one wants to handle. However, he has been on several disciplinary meeting for tardiness. The treasurer is a thirty five year old lady with an MBA. She is warm and motherly. She likes to take long lunch breaks in the nearby park. She is also the spiritual guide for the team. She is however moody at times and as such inapproachable. The Associate is a twenty six year old graduate. He is sharp, innovative and eager to please. He is knowledgeable in matters accounting and he is the go to guy with any difficult task. He is always complaining about everything especially his work load and the over time he has to give. The human resource manager is a forty two year old lady. She is always the first in the office and in meetings. She is ever present in the office and when running errands out of the office, she is always within reach. She is a stickler to company rules and regulation and always ready to solve human resource issues. The Team Manager is a forty year old lady. She is an energetic individual ready to work. She is approachable and easy to please. She enjoys the company of other members and her office is always open to all at all time. She likes to head every project that requires a team leader. She can also be fussy at times and controlling towards the rest of team. She likes things and tasks to be done her way. Company rules dictate that a meeting can’t start before there is a quorum. Conflict also comes as a result of a member thinking that their idea is the better one and should be implemented regardless of what other team members think. Politics is a topic that always stirs the team. Members seem to never agree on an opinion and everyone has got his own. In order to resolve these conflicts, the Manager always seeks to address the issue at hand giving each party time and chance to explain themselves. He frowns at gossip and members know not to cross that line. When making important

Starbucks International Expansion Company

Starbucks International Expansion Company Starbucks Corporation is a Seattle, Washington-based coffee company. It was the largest coffeehouse company in the world, with 17,009 stores in 50 countries. Starbucks sells drip brewed coffee, espresso-based hot drinks, snacks, and items such as mugs and coffee beans. Starbucks is the world leader in the premium coffee market and has an amazing success story. Starbucks sells not only coffee; it sells the Starbucks experience. The company is successful to convey its vision to the customers. It has successfully convinced customers paying more for high-quality products and a new life style. Starbucks reached its goal to establish and leverage its powerhouse premium brand through rapid expansion of retail operations, introduction of new products and store concepts, as well as development of new distribution channels. Starbucks has revolutionized the coffee business. History The first Starbucks was opened in Seattle, Washington, on March 30, 1971 by three partners: English teacher Jerry Baldwin, history teacher Zev Siegl, and writer Gordon Bowker. The three were inspired by entrepreneur Alfred Peet (whom they knew personally) to sell high-quality coffee beans and equipment. Entrepreneur Howard Schultz joined the company in 1982 as Director of Retail Operations and Marketing, and after a trip to Milan, Italy, advised that the company should sell coffee and espresso drinks as well as beans. Starbucks began providing coffee to restaurants and espresso bars. In 1987, with the backing of local investors, Giornale acquired Starbucks assets and changed its name to Starbucks Corporation. The company also opened stores in Chicago and Vancouver. A year later Starbucks introduced a mail order catalog with service to all 50 US states. Expansion strategy In year 1992, Starbucks developed an expansion strategy based on targeting areas with favorable demographic profiles together with the companys infrastructure to support and service them. For each region, a large city was selected to serve as a hub where a team would support the goal of opening at least 20 stores in the first two years. One of the key success factors in this operation was to recruit professionals with marketing and operating experience in chain-store retailing as area manager. This strategy built upon the growing reputation of the Starbucks brand, which, in some instances, had reached new markets even before stores opened. The main marketing strategy is to represent Starbucks store as a third place between work and home. The company could increase the market share in existing markets and open stores in new markets rapidly. Additionally, Starbucks always tries to expand its products portfolio. The company cooperates with other companies to develop and distribute new products. In 1991, the company had formed a team to manage store development based on a six-month opening plan. Every store has to be varied in size and shape, but must be able to deliver appropriate vision and value, contributing to strengthen the companys reputation and image throughout the regions being expanded into. Cost reduction was achieved by centralized buying, by standard contracts development and fixed fees for certain items, and by consolidated work under contractors with good cost-control practices. Starbucks product supply was also a key in a successful expansion. As another differentiating factor, the company buys coffee on arrangement basis at a significant premium above normal price; this allowed for Starbucks to build trust with producers and obtain top-notch coffee beans from producing countries. In order to secure an adequate supply, the company entered into fixed-price purchase commitments when available, and preorder coffee to ensure price protection. By this approach, Starbucks able to control costs and avoid price rising in the stores that would have a devastating effect on the companys image. Starbucks expansion strategy also relied on a limited number of licensing agreements for areas where it did not have the ability to open its own outlets. Licensees like Marriot Host International and Aramark allowed Starbucks opening stores respectively in airports and university campuses. Others like Horizon Airlines and United Airlines had Starbucks coffees served on commercial flights, while agreements with Nordstroms, Barnes and Noble and Well Fargo opened even more opportunities. In 1997, the specialty sales division of Starbucks generated sales equal to 12.2% of total revenues. International Expansion The companys international expansion started in 1995, and was based on two strategies: to provide licenses or to create a joint venture with branded local company in the target host country. Starbucks Coffee International (SCI) was created in 1995 to coordinate the international expansion, which started in Japan, Hawaii, Singapore, Philippines, Taiwan and Korea. Starbucks expansion strategy was well thought: the offensive was to take place in the Pacific Rim in order to gain momentum and strength, far away from Europe and Latin America where coffee shops competition is very strong. In April 2003, Starbucks completed the purchase of Seattles Best Coffee and Torrefazione Italia from AFC Enterprises, make the Starbucks store around the world became more than 6,400. On September 14, 2006, Starbucks rival Diedrich Coffee has announced that it would sell most of its company-owned retail stores to Starbucks. In 2008, Starbucks continued its expansion, settling in Argentina, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic and Portugal. In Buenos Aires, the biggest Starbucks store in Latin America was opened. In April 2009, Starbucks entered Poland. New stores will be opened in Algeria. Building a Unique Culture While Starbucks execute almost enthusiastic standards about coffee quality and service, the personnel policy at Starbucks for employee is free and supportive. Employees are encouraged to put themselves in the position business partners. Management do believes that cheerful employees are the key to remain competitiveness and develop. Multiple Channels of Distribution Besides its stand-alone stores, Starbucks has set up cafes and carts in banks, hospitals, buildings shopping centers, supermarkets and office buildings. Further distribution contract have included hotels, airlines and office coffee supplier. Office coffee is a large segment of the coffee market. Associated Services (an office coffee supplier) provides Starbucks coffee exclusively to thousands of businesses round the United States. Conclusion Despite the fact that Starbucks is the largest and well known coffeehouse chains and its existence is very obvious in civic areas, the firms research stated that only a small percentage (around 7%) of the US population has tried Starbucks product. Through additional distribution contract and new product joint venture, Starbucks hopes to seize more of the US market.

Baby Boomers Essay -- essays papers

Baby Boomers During the Great Depression and World War II many Americans delayed marrying and having children because of the poor economy. The number of marriages and births soared after the war. Many older couples who had delayed having children began having them when the war ended. This increase in births among both younger and older American couples created the Baby Boom Generation. This large group of people born in the U.S. from 1946 to 1964 amounted to 76 million children. Those born during this time make up approximately 36% of today’s population (Deutsch). What impact has this had on the economy? Read on to see how the baby boom generation has affected the economy and what will happen as they retire. This generation has had a huge impact on the economy due to its sheer size. At first there was a crunch at hospital maternity wards. When the boomers reached school age, schools became overcrowded, forcing towns to build additions. By the time they were entering senior high the cities and towns were expanding. New office buildings, hotels, apartment complexes and stores were springing up everywhere. When they reached college age, American Higher Education had to expand. Large enrollments along with inflation pushed college costs higher. When they started families of their own and became homeowners it drove real estate prices up. As they passed through the life cycle, these shortages soon became surpluses. An example being the collapse of the real estate market in the late1980’s (Sullivan). We can expect a large demand for retirement housing, elder care and finally the funeral industry as the Boomers continue their life cycle. Marketers have followed the boom generation for decades, producing items that appealed to them as children, teens and young adults. With more money in their pockets than time on their hands, today’s baby boomers are dining out at an all time high. Now it is people over the age of 40 who have the resources to purchase big-ticket items. Today the engine that is driving our economy and our stock market is due to the lopsided demographics present right now. The coming of age of discretionary spending is allowing people to buy that SUV, boat, computer, etc that would have been put off in the past (Income). The economy is sensitive to the Boomer generation’s desire for a luxury lifestyle. As they look toward retiremen... ...grams for children, while a new state agency was created to represent the needs and concerns of older citizens.† (Sullivan). The baby boom generation has had a profound effect on the American economy at each stage of their life starting with the demand created for goods, then filling the labor market. Now we’ll have to wait and see if their retirement will cause the doom predicted by some or create the marketplace godsend predicted by others. Bibliography: Buchner, Gail. â€Å"Demographics is Not Destiny†. Journal of Financial Planning. Institute of Certified Financial Planners 1999. Deutsche, Alex. Topical Study #51. 10 Oct. 2001 www.yardenicom/topical.asp Generation Gap to Create Jobs Turnaround. Sydney Morning Herald 4. 10 Oct. 2001 http://www.ncpa.org/pd/economy/econ 10.html Jackson, Gerard. â€Å"Will the Baby Boomers Cure Unemployment?† TNA News with Commentary. 9 Apr 2001. Peterson, Peter G. â€Å"Gray Down: How the Coming of Age Wave Will Transform America and the World†. 1999: 189-90. Sullivan, Teresa A. â€Å"Baby Boom Generation†. Discovery Channel School. 2 Oct. 2001. http://www.discoveryschool.com/homework.help/worldbook/atozhistory/b/040930.html

The Computer: Humankind’s Greatest Scientific Discovery

Discoveries throughout time have moved mankind forward in many fields, such as medicine, technology, communications and manufacturing. These findings have also contributed to shifting the way humankind operates on a global basis. Defining the greatest discovery should encompass the revelations which have had the most beneficial impact on our societies. For our generation, it is the founding of the computer. The computer has affected virtually every aspect of our lives, from the way people do business to the way we communicate. Since its humble beginnings with the inventions of the first binary computer in 1936 by Konrad Zuse, and the mechanical calculator, the use of computer has become more than just widespread: it has developed into a phenomenon that has altered the lives of every human living on Earth today in some shape or form. In 1939, Hewlett Packard was founded and by 1945, John von Neumann had discovered electronic storage for data. Subsequently, the year 1967 saw the first metal oxide semiconductor built by Fairchild Camera and Seymour Papert, and it created a language on the computer for children that operated a mechanical turtle. Later in 1967, the first storage system for digital photography was invented by IBM, which had the ability to translate a trillion bits of information. In 1994, Windows first browser Netscape 1.0 was released. Additionally, the Internet search engine, Yahoo, was invented. From this point, computer technologies have constantly been improving and have resulted in modern wonders. Computers have made the technological advances we enjoy today possible. These include online purchasing, business and private communication through social networks, selling to global markets, creating personal websites, or talking to people while seeing them on our computer screens while they are thousands of miles away, and many more advances. All of this is done with little cost, except for a wireless connection fee. People tend to store information not in the public archives, libraries, or in other ways that require using physical media, but in a digital format with the help of cloud technologies. Many significant scientific discoveries are made with the help of computers, and even if the findings are made by hand, computers are still used to process and calculate data gathered during these researches. Computers are indispensable for many business and financial operations, exchange trades, freelance jobs, medicine, production quality control and studying – almost all aspects of life today are tied to the use of the computer. Clement Mok, former creative director of Apple, once said, â€Å"Five years ago, we thought of the Web as a new medium, not a new economy.† As civilization races ahead, technology also speeds up, creating new markets and jobs while helping with advances in medicine and agriculture. Computers have evolved from a simple mechanical calculator, which was still revolutionary for its time, into a sophisticated and complicated helpful tool that has become an essential part of humans’ everyday lives. Nowadays, it is difficult to find a part of modern humanity's existence which has not been reshaped by the invention of the computer, and there is no way of knowing where this great discovery will end up leading civilization in the future. ReferencesMok, Clement.   â€Å"Technology Quotes.† IT History Society. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2013. .â€Å"Computer History Museum.† Timeline of Computer History. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2013..

Free Essays on Team Cohesiveness

Team Cohesiveness Groups that are cohesive feel committed and unified: Cohesion has often been cited as a central and crucial element in the development of a team of people working together. The most widely used definition cohesion is â€Å"a dynamic process which is reflected in the tendency for a group to stick together and remain united in the pursuit of its instrumental objectives and/or for the satisfaction of member affective needs† (Carron, Widmeyer, & Brawley, 1997, p. 3). Group cohesiveness varies widely based on numerous factors including the size of the group dependence of members upon the group achievement of goals status of the group management demands and pressures. For example, group cohesiveness increases strongly whenever the membership perceives a threat from the outside. This threat produces the high anxiety that strong group cohesiveness can help reduce. Effective teams have the ability to be more than just a group of individuals. For the team to develop cohesion and co-operation team members must understand and be committed to the vision, process and structure of the team. When working in a group, you are committed to the good of the team in order to succeed on your project. As the old saying goes â€Å" There is no â€Å"I† in â€Å"Team†. You must be willing to put forth effort to work together for the greater good of the team in order to get your project completed. 2) The team and individuals within the team need goals, which are shared by the team members. Meaning you are all on the team for a reason, to succeed or in our case as University of Phoenix students, to graduate. If we all have the same common goal in mind, then working together should not be a problem. 3) The individual team members need to get personal satisfaction from being part of the team and achieving team goals. We all should respect each other as team members while working together. We all should gel together in order to get that p... Free Essays on Team Cohesiveness Free Essays on Team Cohesiveness Team Cohesiveness Groups that are cohesive feel committed and unified: Cohesion has often been cited as a central and crucial element in the development of a team of people working together. The most widely used definition cohesion is â€Å"a dynamic process which is reflected in the tendency for a group to stick together and remain united in the pursuit of its instrumental objectives and/or for the satisfaction of member affective needs† (Carron, Widmeyer, & Brawley, 1997, p. 3). Group cohesiveness varies widely based on numerous factors including the size of the group dependence of members upon the group achievement of goals status of the group management demands and pressures. For example, group cohesiveness increases strongly whenever the membership perceives a threat from the outside. This threat produces the high anxiety that strong group cohesiveness can help reduce. Effective teams have the ability to be more than just a group of individuals. For the team to develop cohesion and co-operation team members must understand and be committed to the vision, process and structure of the team. When working in a group, you are committed to the good of the team in order to succeed on your project. As the old saying goes â€Å" There is no â€Å"I† in â€Å"Team†. You must be willing to put forth effort to work together for the greater good of the team in order to get your project completed. 2) The team and individuals within the team need goals, which are shared by the team members. Meaning you are all on the team for a reason, to succeed or in our case as University of Phoenix students, to graduate. If we all have the same common goal in mind, then working together should not be a problem. 3) The individual team members need to get personal satisfaction from being part of the team and achieving team goals. We all should respect each other as team members while working together. We all should gel together in order to get that p...

Free Essays on History Of Christianity

Christianity is very practical. It is not a dead, dry, formal, human religion of rituals, outward form, and show, but a divine, living, vital, dynamic, liberating religion. The word Christian means, "Christ like", or "One follows Christ". Jesus Christ, who laid the foundation of Christian Church, was born in BC 4 in Judea. He is the foundation of the Church (1 Cori. 3:10,11). He started preaching about the Kingdom of God when he was thirty. His activities roused the opposition of the Jewish high priests who accused him of blasphemy. He was crucified under the orders of Pontius Pilate, the Roman Governor. After three days, Christ was resurrected from the dead. With the Resurrection of Christ, his disciples took heart and went about preaching the Kingdom of God to all the people of the world. Christianity spread throughout the Roman Empire where it was made the state religion in the 4th century AD. Later, the Church split into two broad groups - the Western Church under the Pope in Rome and the Eastern Churches under the Patriarchies of Antioch, Alexandria and Constantinople. Still later, further disruptions took place. The Roman Catholic Church was broken up by Protestantism, while in the Eastern Churches, many communities like the Armenians, Ethiopians, Russians and Italians set up their own Patriarchies. The New Testament of the Bible originally was written in Greek language. The English word Church is translated from the original Greek word 'EKKLESIA', which means 'CALLED OUT ONES' - from EK (out), and KLESIA (called). Churches referred to the household (or family) of God (Eph. 2:19-21), and spiritual building that grows into the holy temple, to which Church shall come at his return to this earth as King of kings, ruling all nations of the earth. The Church was founded, not as an institution of Authority to force the name and teaching of Christ upon the world, but only as a witness-bearing institution to Christ, to hold Him befor... Free Essays on History Of Christianity Free Essays on History Of Christianity Christianity is very practical. It is not a dead, dry, formal, human religion of rituals, outward form, and show, but a divine, living, vital, dynamic, liberating religion. The word Christian means, "Christ like", or "One follows Christ". Jesus Christ, who laid the foundation of Christian Church, was born in BC 4 in Judea. He is the foundation of the Church (1 Cori. 3:10,11). He started preaching about the Kingdom of God when he was thirty. His activities roused the opposition of the Jewish high priests who accused him of blasphemy. He was crucified under the orders of Pontius Pilate, the Roman Governor. After three days, Christ was resurrected from the dead. With the Resurrection of Christ, his disciples took heart and went about preaching the Kingdom of God to all the people of the world. Christianity spread throughout the Roman Empire where it was made the state religion in the 4th century AD. Later, the Church split into two broad groups - the Western Church under the Pope in Rome and the Eastern Churches under the Patriarchies of Antioch, Alexandria and Constantinople. Still later, further disruptions took place. The Roman Catholic Church was broken up by Protestantism, while in the Eastern Churches, many communities like the Armenians, Ethiopians, Russians and Italians set up their own Patriarchies. The New Testament of the Bible originally was written in Greek language. The English word Church is translated from the original Greek word 'EKKLESIA', which means 'CALLED OUT ONES' - from EK (out), and KLESIA (called). Churches referred to the household (or family) of God (Eph. 2:19-21), and spiritual building that grows into the holy temple, to which Church shall come at his return to this earth as King of kings, ruling all nations of the earth. The Church was founded, not as an institution of Authority to force the name and teaching of Christ upon the world, but only as a witness-bearing institution to Christ, to hold Him befor...

GLOBAL ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT AND MARKETING Assignment

GLOBAL ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT AND MARKETING - Assignment Example Cross-elasticity and self-elasticity are significant. No single corporation in the market has adequate market share to influence prices, resulting in competitive pricing and strong rivalry. The barriers to entrance are high because of regulation, the existence of patents, brand loyalty, economies of scale and high fixed costs. The individual market partakers engage in efforts to differentiate their product, some doing well than others. Apple Inc stands out in product differentiation. The company has successfully singled out its iPhone and is likely to maintain that distinction because of its all-inclusive and closed development and use. Through reinvention of mobile phones by its magical iPhone and iPad and App store, Apple Inc. has been regarded the most innovative firm that offers top expertise in the electronics market in China. The Apple Inc. Products are manufactured to allow their Chinese consumers to have a simpler life by joining various technologies. Despite the Apple’s popularity in china, it only has a small percentage in the market, accounting for only 8% (King 2012, p. 45). However, this can be ascribed to its little time in the Chinese market. Chinese customers were quickly fascinated by the technical devices like iPad; iPod and iPhone likewise to customers in other countries even though there was improved attention in china in contrast to other countries. Nevertheless, Apple Inc. Analysis of revenues shows that significant Apple Inc. Markets are in Europe and America (Zhang & Prybutok 2005, p.

Is global warming due to human actions and can human race take actions Research Paper

Is global warming due to human actions and can human race take actions to stop global warming - Research Paper Example Facts and discussion presented in this paper are meant to illuminate the reality of the claim that â€Å"agricultural and industrial revolution, land-use change, and an increase in greenhouse gas concentrations are all such human actions which have raised global warming rate and acts like recycling, energy conservation, and tree plantation can help reduce this.† (Drallos, 2009) lays stress on the fact that human activity has played a significant role in exponentially increasing the rate of global warming owing to the increased burning of fossil fuels and industrial emissions which increases the CO2 gas concentration in the atmosphere and this plays a direct role in increasing the Earth’s temperature. Actually, the human population has been increasing so tremendously over the past many years that there seems no apparent end to the ongoing use of land, energy, and fossils, thus environmental scientists tend to be at loss of applying any useful strategy for controlling thi s dramatic and urgent environmental emergency.

Analysis and Application of Clinical Practice Research Paper

Analysis and Application of Clinical Practice - Research Paper Example The study aims to come up with recommendation that would inform family, practice, preventive medicine and sports medicine alike. A committee known as the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (EAST) developed the guidelines in this study. This comprise of the authors who are degree holders in medicine and a master’s in public health. The fact that the authors are health personnel with experience and practice in the field of medicine and public health from different hospital and teaching hospitals does not present adequately all the health personnel that the guidelines were intended to reach. Other professional personals including nurses, physiotherapists, and occupational therapists should be included. The means of data collection in the study was electronically done thereby underscoring the involvement of the patients affected by the injuries covered by the study. The researchers did not obtain information from the primary end user of the study regarding thing like behaviors and attitudes that influence the use of helmets. The involvement of the vulnerable groups and patients is lacking in the research findings. With the composition of the committee of guideline development, there is a likelihood of conflict of interest in the way the guidelines are formulated. Since one of the main goal of the guidelines was to offer preventive measures against head and neck injury, the management of the guidelines does not assure the other professionals responsible for the implementation of these preventive measures of the impact in contributing to the research. The sources of information used by the authors are credible. The study heavily relied on medical literature that had been published from webliographies like PubMed, EMBASE databases and Cochrane Library. The terms of search are relevant to the study and included helmet, helmet use, equipment and head protective devices among others. The period of the literature used was expansive enough, between 1980 and

A view from the bridge Essay Example for Free

A view from the bridge Essay There are many emotions in the play: Love, hatred, jealousy, and anger. Write about one and how it is presented in the play. I have chosen to look at the emotion love and the part it plays in affecting the storyline. In A View From the Bridge by Arthur Miller most of the characters actions are fuelled by love. Love drives all the other main emotions in the play. However there are question marks over both the central loving relationships, that of Eddie and Catherines and Eddie and Beatrices. Catherines love for Eddie is that of a daughter for her father as she calls him the sweetest guy. She has a doting daughters attitude. Catherine cares for Eddie and goes out of her way to please him What do you want me to do? she asks him upset when he disapproves of her skirt. She wants very much to please him. But Eddie is very hard to please, as he is far too overprotective of her. Catherines falls in love with an immigrant who stays with the family I love you Rodolfo she tells him. Catherine has never been in a serious relationship before but is deeply in love with Rodolfo who in turn loves her. This relationship is normal for people of their age and marriage is quite a natural step for two people in love. Marco is an immigrant who has come to America as his family are starving and as he explains his wife feeds them from her own mouth meaning they are starving. Marcos love has forced him to leave his wife and three children to work in America to make money to feed them. This is a very strong gesture as he plans not to see his family again for four, five, six years maybe. This relationship highlights the extreme measures people are driven to because of love. Marco loves his family to the point where he would do anything for them. This shows that in this play love is a real passion that prompts other behaviour. Eddies love for Catherine seemed at the beginning of the play just to be the love of a concerned father figure, I think its too short aint it? he says worrying about the length of Catherines skirt. Eddie is very over protective of Catherine and treats her as if she is still his little girl, which could be damaging to her development in this stage of life as Beatrice points out Look, you gotta get used to it, shes no baby no more. It is time for Eddie to let go but he cant. Eddies obsessive attitude towards Catherine seems strange to everyone except Eddie She cant marry you, can she? Alfieri says trying to explain how others might see his behaviour. To everyone else Eddie seems to be perversely in love with Catherine and wants her for himself. I believe this is not the case, I believe Eddie has become used to Catherines love for him that he cannot bear to see her adorning her affection on anyone else. The stage direction with a sense of her childhood, her babyhood and the years describes the great sense of loss Eddie feels as he has cared and loved her all her life. Beatrice remains faithful to Eddie throughout although she is frustrated, When am I gonna be a wife again, Eddie? she tells him, desperate from him to forget about Catherine and go back to caring for her. Beatrices love for Eddie is one of the strongest in the play, she wants desperately for Eddie to pay her the attention she deserves as a loving wife. Eddies obsessive behaviour towards Catherine puts great strain on his marriage I want my respect he says when Beatrice tries to confront him, Eddie is angry and shouts at her for complaining about him being so strict with Catherine. Beatrice is struggling to keep her marriage intact, but she cannot understand the love Eddie feels towards Catherine. I believe Eddie loves his wife dearly but his love for Catherine takes priority when Rodolfo comes on the scene, which leads him to mistreat Beatrice. I cannot help feeling sorry for her as she is forced into a situation that was not her doing. It seems her love for Eddie is unrequited. Eddies hatred for Rodolfo is fuelled by his jealousy for the love and attention Catherine bestows upon him, Im telling ya the guy aint right he says trying to justify his hatred. Nobody believes Eddies comments about Rodolfo and everyone but Eddie can see through to his jealousy. It isnt right for a man of Eddies age to be obsessed with his young niece, but nobody understands the depth and passion of Eddies love, which drives him to keep Catherine at any cost. Eddies obsessive love compels him to see Mr Alfieri, family friend and lawyer He aint right Mr Alfieri Eddie pleads, but it is obvious he has no jurisdiction within he law. The fact Eddie has gone to see Alfieri shows the power of his love towards Catherine and his desperation to have her for himself. Love is the main driving force behind all the characters actions, the truth is not as bad as blood Eddie Beatrice tells him trying to quell his anger and hatred. Beatrice believes that love is not a worthy enough cause for the use of violence. It is Eddies deep love that drives him to use all force necessary to have what he believes to be his Catherine. This unfaltering love to the bitter end is misunderstood by Marco He degraded my brother. My blood. Marco says; he cannot see why Eddie turned him and Rodolfo into the police. But it is obvious to the reader that it was Eddies love that compelled his actions and not his hatred for Marco and his brother. Eddies love finally leads him to his death You lied about me Marco Eddie cries before lunging at him. This is Eddies last desperate attempt to win back his dignity. Eddies love has driven him to a point where he has no other option but to follow his feelings to the end. The fate of Eddie Carbone is a tragic one as his obsessive feelings towards Catherine took control of him and his actions that followed he could not help. I believe the story is a testament to the power of love and how once it has infected someone in a certain way; they are powerless to stop it. Emlyn Roberts Pluto10X Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

How Bronte Shows the Reader Janes Resilience in Jane Eyre Essay

How Bronte Shows the Reader Jane's Resilience in Jane Eyre The novel Jane Eyre is written by Charlotte Bronte and is set in the 1800’s. It describes how Jane rose up from her orphan status at the start of the story to a higher status with Mr Rochester. More importantly Jane finds happiness. During the 1800’s a woman’s status was low and to have a higher status would involve marrying into a rich family or already belonging to a wealthy family. The story shows how Jane copes with the ups and downs in her life, during her journey for happiness. The aim of this essay is to show how Bronte shows Jane’s resilience to events throughout the novel. Resilience is the ability to withstand suffering, to show strength. The essay will also include how successful Jane is as a heroine. Qualities that could be considered to make Jane a heroine are selflessness, courage and bravery. Throughout the essay will be references to six episodes that occur during the novel. Each of the episodes will show Jane’s resilience or her heroic qualities. At the start of the story Bronte presents Jane as a young girl who is being bullied by her cousin John Reed. When she stands up to him she is punished and no one believes that he is a part of the bullying. She is then sent to the â€Å"Red Room† by her aunt Mrs Reed. The â€Å"Red Room† is where her uncle died and has only been used for guests since. As well as being bullied by John, he expects Jane to respect him, for example: â€Å"say, what do you want Master Reed?† He acts superior to her. After being treated badly Jane still has the courage to say â€Å"wicked and cruel boy† to John and not give up and let him win. During her stay at the â€Å"Red Room† Jane believes she sees a ghost, she cries for help... ...rage and bravery. She doesn’t cave in and give up hope, she is resilient. All of the episodes throughout this essay show Jane’s resilience. I believe that the reason Bronte wrote Jane Eyre was to show that if you want something bad enough you will get it. Jane wanted happiness and respect from others; at the end of the novel she has achieved this. Jane was in many bad situations but she was determined so she got through them all. The novel is also about the status of women in the 1800’s. I think that Bronte was also trying to show that women have strength and that they deserved the same respect as men. The detail in the story and the point of view that Bronte gives us, encourages the reader to understand the sort of life led by women during the 1800’s and their low status in society. The reader would also admire Jane as she was such a strong individual.

Close Reading of Merwin’s Odysseus Essay

The subject in W.S. Merwin’s poem â€Å"Odysseus† feels comfortable only at sea, and, because such a notion is atypical, he cannot articulate or understand where his true home actually is. oAt peace at sea: â€Å"patience / He has wedded to† Numerous islands, but â€Å"one to call ‘home’,† even though he Merwin never specifies which island Odysseus really calls home   Ã¢â‚¬Å"which †¦ / Was the one he kept sailing home to?† †¢W.S. Merwin’s speaker in â€Å"Odysseus† is concerned about his romantic interests. â€Å"Wedded† to his adventures, he experiences a schism when interacting with the women he meets on various islands. oâ€Å"Put before him, the unraveling patience / He was wedded to† â€Å"There were the islands / Each with its woman† Odysseus seems to have a woman on each island, and, not knowing which island is home, seems not to be particularly loyal to any one of them. oIndeed, Odysseus later even says that â€Å"The knowledge of all that he betrayed / Grew till it was the same whether he stayed / Or went.† The only constant in his life is, certainly, his oceanic adventure, which, while there may be many, never change noticeably in c ontent. †¢A world-weary Odysseus relives his adventures in a repetitive, never-changing cycle, losing sight of the difference between ill-wishers and home. oJaded tone: â€Å"always the setting forth was the same,† â€Å"he had got nowhere but older,† â€Å"identical reproaches,† â€Å"it was the same whether he stayed or went† †¢The speaker in â€Å"Odysseus† roams the world, traveling in repetitive circles, hoping to allay the guilt that plagues him for â€Å"betray[ing]† so many women. oClaiming that â€Å"The knowledge of all that he betrayed / Grew till it was the same whether he stayed / Or went,† Odysseus looks for solace from the guilt he experiences from not staying true to any one woman. oWhile his days are repetitive and unchanging, his adventures are a constant, and Odysseus is able to consider himself â€Å"wedded† to that â€Å"unraveling patience† he can keep coming back to after days on land. †¢While Merwin’s speaker in Odysseus at times is unable to differentiate between those who wish him perils and those who remain remote and true, he continuously sails â€Å"home,† even while unable to define where home really is. â€Å"What wonder / If sometimes he could not remember / Which was the one who wished on his departure / Perils that he could never sail through, / And which, improbable, remote, and true, / Was the one he kept sailing home to?† Merwin rhetorically asks the listener to judge whether it really is Odysseus’s fault that he cannot distinguish between his ill-wishers and his home community. oWho is wishing Odysseus perils? Quite possible one of the women to which he was disloyal, and because there have been so many (every island, apparently), he now knows not which women still love him and which do not. †¢W.S. Merwin describes in his poem â€Å"Odysseus† the rift many experience when separating themselves from their interpretations of the norm. oOdysseus is accustomed to life as a traveler, with no real home on land. He also does not appear to be married to a woman; rather, he claims to be â€Å"wedded to† an â€Å"unraveling patience.† However, while he is habituated to his daily life, to an outsider, Odysseus lives atypically. oOdysseus recognizes this fissure, but instead of living comfortably without regards to how others perceive him, he questions himself and attempts to shape his world into a way that outsiders would understand.

Economics & restaurant price

The restaurant price and whole price data shows that cost based and price discrimination based theory has been applied to the fifty wine products listed. The groups of wine are divided into to groups. They are the red win group and the white wine group. The data shows that the restaurant owners bought the wines from the whole sale store. The restaurant owner then adds a markup to cover for the cost of running a restaurant. The cost of running a restaurant includes the whole cost of the wine bought from the wholesale store and the cost serving the wine.Waiters, cashiers and dishwashers are part of the wine serving process(Brown,16). The additional restaurant wine includes the additional cleanup, the cost of storing the wine in the wine store room, the cost of managing and ensuring continuous stocks of the wines in the restaurant storeroom. The additional markup includes the cost of paying a wine connoisseur. He is an expert in wine criticism and advices the company on which wine to bu y, how long to store the wines in the store room, and also how to serve wine.The most important reason for introducing markups is to charge the restaurant clients for staying long hours on their tables talking business, or seducing a love object. In addition, the data presented showing that the restaurant price is an amount that has a mark –up of ninety –nine percent or more above the cost of buying the wines is definitely true. The restaurants add markups based on the willingness of the customers to pay the additional prices. This market segment does not care about the price of wine because they know that they want to add the high –priced wine to the food that they gobble up in the restaurants.This market segment even prefer to buy the high priced wines just for the pride of showing to their next table clients and to their restaurant friends that they have lots and lots of money. This market segment is willing to pay more for a wine because they feel that these wines rare and are of higher quality than the other wine brands(Philips,18). The data showing the fifteen wines clearly indicates that the restaurant charges each client a higher fee for the rare and higher –quality ones. The data also shows that the restaurant owners charge clients higher if they feel that the clients can afford to pay higher for the wines.On the other hand, the restaurant is willing to charge a higher markup if they foresee that the client is a little hard up on cash upon entering the restaurant. The implications of the cost based and price discrimination based discussion above are many. One implication is that the restaurant must introduce the markups in order to stay in the business. A business would not survive if it does not make the bottom line. The bottom line is that the company must generate a net profit. A company that does not make a profit generates a loss. A company that generates a loss would not look good to the stakeholders of the company.Th e stakeholders of the company includes the stockholders, the employees, the customers, the suppliers, the community, the government regulating agencies, the labor unions, and even the board of directors if there are any. Another implication of the cost based and price discrimination based discussion above is that there are customers who do not mind the markups. Many of the customers can easily see that the higher amount they pay for the wines bought in restaurants is because they are will savor an hour or two of their romantic interludes and seduction in the restaurants.They will use the restaurant to sort of ‘lay their cards down’ in the courtship game of life. This is the value that the restaurant clients get in exchange for willingly paying more for a bottle of wine. Another implication of the cost based and price discrimination based discussion above is that the restaurant prices of some wines are higher than the other wine choices. The $14. 25 restaurant wine price is priced at a markup of 96 percent of the cost. The $17. 00 restaurant wine price is priced at a markup of 182 percent of the cost. The $18. 00 restaurant wine price is priced at a markup of 133 percent of the cost.The $21. 60 restaurant wine price is priced at a markup of 99 percent of the cost. The $12. 50 restaurant wine price is priced at a markup of 180 percent of the cost. Another implication of the cost based and price discrimination based discussion above is that there are people who can afford the higher cost of wines. The $17. 00 restaurant wine price is priced at a markup of 182 percent of the cost. The $12. 50 restaurant wine price is priced at a markup of 180 percent of the cost. The $ 7. 50 restaurant wine price is priced at a markup of 220 percent of the cost. The $14.63 restaurant wine price is priced at a markup of 180 percent of the cost. The $13. 50 restaurant wine price is priced at a markup of 196 percent of the cost. The $ 6. 75 restaurant wine price is price d at a markup of 255 percent of the cost. Another implication of the cost based and price discrimination based discussion above is that there different wine qualities. The $ 6. 75 restaurant wine price is priced at a markup of 255 percent of the cost. The $14. 25 restaurant wine price is priced at a markup of 96 percent of the cost. The $17. 58 restaurant wine price is priced at a markup of 133 percent of the cost.The $17. 00 restaurant wine price is priced at a markup of 182 percent of the cost. The $ 7. 50 restaurant wine price is priced at a markup of 220 percent of the cost. The $18. 00 restaurant wine price is priced at a markup of 133 percent of the cost. The $19. 20 restaurant wine price is priced at a markup of 119 percent of the cost. Another implication of the cost based and price discrimination based discussion above is that the business will survive. The different prices of the wines show that they are done to fit the budget of the clients. One wine is priced at $28 a bo ttle.Another wine is priced at Another wine is priced at $48. Another wine is priced at $78. Another wine is priced at $122. Another wine is priced at $32. Another wine is priced at $40. Another wine is priced at $24(Haslam,100). The above discussion shows that there many implications of variances in the restaurant prices when compared to the whole prices. Definitely, One implication is that the restaurant must introduce the markups in order to stay in the business. Clearly, another implication of the cost based and price discrimination based discussion above is that there are customers who do not mind the markups.Undoubtedly, another implication of the cost based and price discrimination based discussion above is that the restaurant prices of some wines are higher than the other wine choices. Surely, another implication of the cost based and price discrimination based discussion above is that there are people who can afford the higher cost of wines. Truly, another implication of th e cost based and price discrimination based discussion above is that there different wine qualities. Unquestionably, another implication of the cost based and price discrimination based discussion above is that the business will survive.Conclusively, the restaurant pricing above is founded on the economic principles of supply and demand(McConnell & Brue,52). REFERENCES: Haslam, C. , Economics in a Business Context, Oxford, Taylor & Francis, 1989 McConnell, C. , Brue, S. , Economics: Principles, Problems, and Policies, N. Y. , McGraw- Hill, 2005 Brown, D. , The Restaurant Manager’s Hnadbook: How to Set Up, Operate, and Manage a Financially Succesful Food Service Operation. N. Y. , Atlantic Press, 2003 Philips, L. , The Economics of Price Discrimination: four essays in applied price theory, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1983

An Economic Solution essays

An Economic Solution essays If marijuana was legalized it would promote the economy in a faster recovery. It would bring in revenue and taxes if sold at stores. It would reduce the amount of money spent on prisons and jails releasing intimates. With marijuana used as a medical drug it helps keep people out of hospitals and working and paying taxes to the government. Legalizing marijuana would make the government money, resulting to an economic recovery. With marijuana keeping people out of the hospital, it allows them to keep working at their jobs and paying taxes. After anecdotal reports of marijuana's providing ant emetic activity in cancer chemotherapy patients refractory to standard agents, orally administered delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was formally studied by a number of investigators(1). With marijuana stunting the spread of cancer threw out the human body it keeps cancer patients healthier and able to do their jobs and paying taxes to the government. With all the sick people healthier working and off welfare itll provide more money for the government to address areas where more money is need and less government spendings on welfare. With more money being saved and less spent, it would dimendal a budget defaces. If marijuana was legalized and sold at stores a tax could be levied collecting heavy revenue. The government could also raise revenues by placing an excise tax on marijuana, much like the excise taxes imposed on alcohol and cigarettes. A federal excise tax of 6 percent on the $11 billion U.S. consumers spend on marijuana every year would produce $660 million for the federal government (2). Selling marijuana at stores would create a surplus of money in the federal budget when taxed. The money could be spent on roads, schools, and a national debt. With all the money collected over a few years time America could have the strongest economy two times better than any other nations. ...

Albanian crises of 97 essays

Albanian crises of 97 essays It is not easy at all to try to understand and define what happened in Albania between end of 96 till summer 97. It is almost impossible to really tell why it happened, whether it was organized if it was, what went wrong and what should have be done to avoid that. One thing is for sure though The State did NOT function. The state didnt function in several aspects and dimensions. The government was not able to prevent the expansion of the pyramid schemes. It also was not able to warn its citizens in due time about the risk that they had taken. On the other side, the citizens themselves were expecting everything from their government. And when things went wrong, the Government was on the spotlight. Everybody blamed the state and forgot they the citizens form an integral part of the state. People didnt understand that by attacking the state and its institutions, they were attacking themselves. Dont ask what the Government can do for you, but what you can do for your Government-. Unfortunately most of the citizens didnt see it this way. There can be several factors that can explain why people reacted that way. History of regimes in Albania. Albania has had very short period that can be considered that they had an independent state and the government that served them, and that is from 1920 till the Italian occupation . For the rest of the time we have either been under occupation, thus not considering the government as Albanian, or under dictatorship so that the government was serving the dictator and not the people. Manipulation of the situation by the opposition. The opposition played a very destructive role by putting narrow political interests above wider national ones. Another notion that did not function was the hierarchy. The army, the police forces and other public officials/servant didnt ...

Teaching Students With Multiple Disabilities or Handicaps

Teaching Students With Multiple Disabilities or Handicaps Children with multiple disabilities will have a combination of various disabilities that may include issues with: speech, physical mobility, learning, mental retardation, sight, hearing, brain injury, and possibly others. Along with multiple disabilities, they can also exhibit sensory losses as well as behavior and/or social problems. Children with multiple disabilities,  Ã‚  also referred to as multiple exceptionalities, will vary in severity and characteristics. These students may exhibit weakness in auditory processing and have speech limitations. Physical mobility will often be an area of need. These students may have difficulty attaining and remembering skills and/or transferring these skills from one situation to another. Support is usually needed beyond the confines of the classroom. There are often medical implications with some of the more severe multiple disabilities which could include students with cerebral palsy, severe autism, and brain injuries. There are many educational implications for these students. Strategies and Modifications for Multiple Disabilities Early intervention is necessary as soon as the child begins school.Involvement of the appropriate professionals, i.e. occupational therapists, speech/language therapists, physiotherapists, etc.A team approach at the school level involving external agency/community liaison who meet on a regular basis is essentialThe physical arrangement of the classroom will need to best accommodate this child. Consideration of special equipment and assistive technology is essential.Integration among their peers is important to assist these students with social development. Its important to integrate multiple disabled children as much as is possible. Research does indicate that when these students attend their community school and participate in the same activities as their peers, social skills develop and are enhanced. (Sometimes these students are placed full-time in a regular classroom with support, however in the majority of cases these students are placed in a developmental skills type of classro om with some integration. Ensuring that all students demonstrate respect for the multiply disabled student becomes a teachers responsibility and needs to be taken seriously with ongoing activities that develop respect from the other students in the class.An Individual Education Plan will need to be carefully planned out and adjusted on a regular basis and will need to be aligned to the needs of the individual child.Remember, these children are often completely dependent on others for most/all of their daily needs.Assistive technologies may aid this child and the support team will need to decide which assistive technologies will be most appropriate.A safety plan will need to be developed and is often included in the IEP.Care needs to be given in your expectations of this student to ensure the child doesnt become frustrated. Most importantly, these identified children are to be given the same rights as non-identified school age children including screening, evaluation, and an appropriate program/services.​