Privacy on Social Networks - 2362 Words

Privacy on Social Networks Tasdiq A. 11/4/2010 The privacy issues surrounding social networking sites are nothing new by any stretch of the imagination, but it seems that many people have mismatched expectations when it comes to privacy and social networks. Social Network Sites (SNS) are websites that allow users to upload information to a public profile, create a list of online friends, and browse the profiles of other users of the SNS. The websites have membership rules and community standards. Users disclose identity-relevant information via their profile to others. This information is referential, directly referring to a person, or attributive, describing attributes to the data subject. Although most laws and regulations restrict†¦show more content†¦That can be pretty devastating for someone who has dedicated lots of time and money to it. Laws to minimize privacy threats Not all threats for privacy in Social Network Sites materialize and damage users in the same way. A risk analysis approach is needed to incorporate these insecurities into the analysis. The experts identified multiple threats for users of Social Network Sites. When these threats materialize, they become incidents that affect a certain amount of people. However, not all of these incidents damage users in the same way. The damage incurred depends on the type of threat and the perception of the user. Laws are directed at preventing the threats from materializing. More specifically, American tort laws create means for people to find compensations against the damages they incurred. Experts rate to what extent the tort laws address the threats for privacy and resulting damages they identified. The ratings of the various tort laws are depicted in illustration below. In 1986, Congress passed the Stored Communications Act as part of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act to address privacy issues attendant to the advent of the internet. Through the SCA, Congress intended to restrict disclosure of private communications by providers of electronic communications services. However, when Congress passed the SCA, the internet was in itsShow MoreRelatedEssay about Privacy on Social Networks2324 Words   |  10 Pageswhether or not existing data protection laws protect the privacy of individuals whose personal information has been disclosed on social networking sites. Over the last decade social networking sites (SNS) have increased their popularity among the people. These SNS are mySpace, facebook, twitter, bebo etc. There are various reasons of people using these sites. However, majority of SNS users are those people who use these sites for social networking e.g. chatting with friends, sharing their interestsRead MoreThe Issue Of Security And Privacy In Social Network Users1023 Words   |  5 Pages The Issue of Security and Privacy in Social Network Users Purpose statement The purpose of the study is to examine the issues related to using of social network users and the applications that offered by the third-party websites and impact of the security and privacy. Rationale Technology has been improved, and according to Torres and Deirdre (2014), almost each person is registered on this social network platforms. The networking of these sites has grown rapidly in the recent years. Albesher andRead MoreBSTRACT Social Networking sites are playing an important role in personal life as well as1300 Words   |  6 PagesBSTRACT Social Networking sites are playing an important role in personal life as well as business. A social networking site has become very popular for people to connect and share their interest with family and friends. Although the use of social networks is increasingly on the rise, many users are properly informed of the risks associated with using social networks. The risks as well as the security and privacy issues of social networks in business and public policy need to be evaluated and studiedRead MoreA Shared Responsibility For Online Privacy1243 Words   |  5 Pages A Shared Responsibility for Online Privacy There are some things in life people can control and things they cannot. When driving, people can fasten their seat belt, keep their car’s limits, and focus on the area ahead to avoid car accidents. Whereas when flying, people cannot do many things to protect themselves, but rely on the government’s aviation regulations and airlines’ enforcement to increase flight safety. Likewise, when it comes to the online privacy, web users can control the passwordsRead MoreSocial Networking Sites and Privacy1155 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction What do about ninety percent of us have in common? It’s the social networking sites that everyone is a part of these days, whether it’s your twelve year old nephew or your grandmother. Spending hours and hours connecting with your old friends and making new friends over the social networking sites has become a part of everyone’s daily routine. Nonetheless, recently privacy concerns over the social networking sites have taken its peak. Background It all started several decades back,Read MoreSocial Networking And Privacy : It s A New Age Of Technology1272 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Networking and Privacy It’s a new age of technology; use of social networking websites is increasing day by day. Every single aspect of our lives asks for technological services. Technology is getting more important day by day for humans to survive, every single person now a day’s uses social networking websites like facebook, twitter, pinterest, instagram or at least one of these websites mainly facebook. Social networking is a way to connect with people with similar tastes as oneself andRead MorePrivacy Issues on Facebook1149 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Introduction Companies going digital have a variety of issues to contend with. These include but they are not limited to security, privacy and copyright/patent issues. This text concerns itself with one of the most serious challenges such companies face i.e. privacy issues. In seeking to address the issue of privacy comprehensively, this text will largely limit itself to Facebook. Privacy Issues on Facebook Over time, various technological innovations have presented both challenges and opportunities for organizations/companiesRead MoreHow Privacy And User Control Within A World Of Big Web Data1551 Words   |  7 PagesA Proposal on: How to Preserve Privacy and User Control in a world of Big web Data Background to the study Over the past few years, the volume of data collected and stored by business and government organizations has exploded. This data are refer to as â€Å"big data†, as it is an evolving term that describes any voluminous amount of structured, semi-structured and unstructured data that has the potential to be mined for information. The big data is a by-product of everyday human activities on theRead MorePrivacy Levels on Social Networking Sites - To What Extent Are They 1743 Words   |  7 PagesPrivacy Levels on Social Networking Sites - To What Extent Are They Compromised? Introduction A social networking site can be defined as a website where people can network, and communicate with another. These websites are designed solely for the purpose of communities being made, whether you want to re-connect with an old high school friend, or whether you just want to make some friends online in general. Social networking sites have revolutionised communication, and are now one of theRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effect On Individual Privacy944 Words   |  4 PagesDue to Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and a variety of other social networking sites and apps, millions of online users can connect and share their lives with each other. However, in a complex network where millions of people can create and post their daily lives, the collection and analysis of personal information by online social networking sites has been controversial due to its potential to weaken individual privacy. The online platforms are owned by businesses that have the goal to optimize performance

Autism Prevalence, Research And The Historical Viewpoint

Autism Prevalence, Research and the Historical Viewpoint Historically, from the published accounts of autism, it has been a male orientated disorder (Thompson et al., 2003; Werling and Gerschwind, 2013). It first came to light in the early 1940s and during this period Doctor Leo Kanner introduced the idea of â€Å"early infantile autism† (Kanner, 1943), this previously unreported model of behaviour was characterised by significant impairment in the areas of social interaction and communication, and extreme resistance to change and lack of adaptability (Wing and Potter, 2002). Following on from this, in 1944 Hans Asperger, a child psychologist and pediatrician, described a similar syndrome, but with milder functional impairments, he labelled†¦show more content†¦Until relatively recently is has been widely accepted boys were four times more likely to be diagnosed with ASD than girls (Whiteley, et al., 2010). This idea is supported by an evaluation of forty three studies into pervasive development disorders conducted by Fom bonne (2003), the study was longitudinal in nature and spanned a forty year period, the median ratio of males to females with ASD found was 4:1 Nevertheless, more recently, current studies which incorporate females within their samples, suggest the male-female ratio may be closer to 2:1 (Frazier et al., 2014; Idring et al., 2014; Halladay et al., 2014). Indicating results from previous research may possess an intrinsic bias in terms of gender, as historically the majority of enquiries have not included females within their sample (Thompson et al., 2003; Van Wijngaarden-Cremers et al., 2013). Alongside the overarching male dominance in diagnosis, there is a greater disparity in the male-female differential for high functioning autism and Aspergers, than for individuals with a comorbid intellectual disability (Fombonne, 1999; Fombonne et al., 2011). The higher prevalence of autism in males at the high functioning end, compared to those with intellectual disability, led to researchers toShow MoreRelatedWeek3psy304Document 2 2331 Words   |  10 Pages  A.10%  B.25%  C.40%  D.100% Answer Key:  D 1.0/ 1.0 Points One aspect of the visual system that helps us achieve selective attention is   A.accommodation  B.the concentration of cones in the fovea  C.chemical structure of the vitreous humor  D.the prevalence of amacrine cells in the peripheral retina Answer Key:  B 1.0/ 1.0 Points The incidence of change blindness _________ when a cue is added to the scene that indicates which part of the scene has changed.   A.increases  B.decreases  C.remains unchanged  DRead MoreLiterature Review6685 Words   |  27 Pages[2013] and his believed that with an increase in knowledge the worldview polarization of science also doubled. Apparently, these issues are evident to point out to the fact that anti-vaccine attitudes are predicted by them. But there is very limited research in place, to depict the underlying factor beneath these forms of psychosocial behaviors against vaccines. The notion of worldview approach to anti-vaccine over vaccines is a current one and stems from paranormal, spiritual, and conspiracy beliefsRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesFoundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 Organizational Change and Stress Management 577 Appendix A Research in Organizational Behavior Comprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 Management

How do you account for the co existence of poverty Essay Example For Students

How do you account for the co existence of poverty Essay and prosperity in Britain during the interwar years?In this essay I am going to examine how and why there was both prosperity and poverty within Britain throughout the interwar years. The war left Britain with a weakened economy, after a brief post war boom ending in April 1921 Britain was in a position where the pre war staple industries such as coal mining were no longer providing jobs. This caused the problem of unemployment concentrated in certain areas. However there was another side to Britains economy that was on the rise, thought there was mass unemployment for some others where becoming very prosperous. Some of the population where living in good conditions, receiving paid holidays while others where unemployed and living in poverty. There was great diversity in the health care available in different areas. Prosperous peoples real wage rose as prices feel. Prosperous area had never had it so good while areas of poverty where living in poor conditions with bad health and insufficient food supply. The prosperous people had a lot more on offer to them and leisure rose tremendously. People had more to spend on entertainment and leisure than before, in 1939 20 million people visited the coasts of England. Dance halls where also very popular in the 1930s as a source for enjoyment and for a nice evening out. Family sizes gradually lowered in working class families and this meant that they had even more money to spend. During the interwar years there was a change between the vast amounts of blue-collar workers from before world war one to becoming more white-collar workers due to the growth of new industry. The rise in real wages and the gradual decrease in family size meant that the middle class now had much more disposable income, this was seen by the amount spent on leisure. Gambling became Britains second biggest industry in 1939 with 10million people every week. A lot of the people in lower classes and from the areas of poverty also played in the chance of winning. Due to mass unemployment many families where living in poverty, having worked previously in staple industrys theses workers found themselves unemployed with no jobs available to them. During world war one the problems with staple industries had been masked by the need for war supplies. After the war the problem of employment in these industries then arose. This left the men who had been in job in the staple industries without a job. There was support from the government for the unemployed but the benefits they received were not close to the wage they had previously had. This made their life style very hard, the death rates in these areas rose greatly. Many of the parents would go without so they children could eat sufficiently making them weak and unhealthy. One factor in the coexistence of poverty and prosperity was the geographical position of industries. Before world war one staple industries such as coal mining where heavily concentrated in the north of England, Scotland and south Wales. These areas where worst hit by unemployment and poverty. The great poverty in these areas was not seen in others because they had not relied on the staple industries to provide jobs. The decline in old staple industries was accompanied by a growth in new industries such as electrical engineering, motor manufacture, man made fibres and chemicals. These newer industries where located mostly to the south particularly between the east midlands and London. Areas where new industries where located was where the prosperity was. People had well paid jobs. This in turn meant that the health was higher in these areas. It was higher for many reasons, many house holds would contribute small sums to support their local hospitals, in areas of poverty people could not afford to contribute so the hospitals where of low quality. Another way the health was better was because there was a better diet in prosperous areas, there was a greater range of foods and enough to go round. Although money was being put into health new facilities where unevenly spread, the services where unavailable to lower class families. The situation in areas of poverty was very different. There would not be enough food for the family and it was often seen that married women became very ill as they would put their family first and not eat sufficient amounts. These two very different conditions where able to coexist in the same country as they where separate from one another, the poverty and prosperity was physically separated. Trifles by Susan Glaspell EssayIn conclusion there are many ways to account for the coexistence of poverty and prosperity. The weak economy after the war very quickly led to unemployment despite a small post war boom. Unemployment set in in areas where staple industries had been concentrated. This meant that unemployment was concentrated in these areas too. With the industries down the economy of these areas sunk dramatically. The location of new industries in the south, away from staple industries meant that these areas where safer from unemployment. With the development of new industries came the improvement of housing, health care and leisure for those with the money. The rise in real wage along with the decrease in family size meant that people had a lot more disposable income in these areas. The poorer people did not have access to any of the developments or improvements and where simply stuck where they where. With no money to move there was no chance of getting a job in a ne w industry, loss of possessions and being forced to sell and pawn items for money didnt provide enough for the people living in poverty. A key factor in the coexistence of poverty and prosperity is that they are geographically separate. The poor could not access the developments. The new industries provided new things for the prosperous to purchase, motorcars gave them the chance to move in to suburban areas and drive to other places. Another key reason is that the government did not do enough to bring about real changes to the unemployed and the people themselves where unable to get them selfs out of the poverty. Unemployment benefit was low and was not enough to allow families to save to move. It was only just enough to live on. The population living in poverty had no options they where stuck where they where receiving to little or no help from the authorities, this left mass areas in bad conditions which could not be changed as there was no money to change the conditions with. People where healthy in the prosperous areas and in areas of poverty the people just had to make, doing as they could.

Chicano Arts Movement Essay Example For Students

Chicano Arts Movement Essay Savannah Shooters Sandra Castanet English 5-6 appropriate Chicane Art Movement As artists began to actively participate in the efforts to redress the plight of Mexicans in the United States, there emerged a new iconography and symbolic language which not only articulated the movement, but became the core of a Chicane cultural renaissance. (Avenges) Chicane Art developed in the asses during the political eruption of the civil rights movements in the united States. This renaissance in the arts was in fact the birth and flowering of a Chicane oral view or Chicane aesthetic and because of its close alliance with and commitment to social change and political activism it is known today as the Chicane Art Movement. From the ranks of this movement came artists, poets and actors who collectively generated a cultural renaissance and whose work played a key role in creating the ideology of the Chicane movement, (Avenges) J_SIT ANOTHER POSTER? Chicane Graphic Arts in California, is the first exhibition and book that explores the poster art created by dozens of Chicane artists in California trot the late asses to the present I am honored to be among the artists included in this historic collection. Graphic art has played a key role in II Movement(the Chicane civil rights movement), and the poster has been used to educate, agitate, and organize Americans of Mexican descent, One could even say that political awareness and social activism grew out of the Chi cane arts movement. Chicane art has had many influences Certainly Mexican artists like Joss © Guadalupe Posada, Friday Kohl, and David Quires have had their effect, UT so hue American comic books, Cuban political posters, and spray-painted barrio calligraphy. (Fallen) Chicane poster art became a means to help preserve and promote a culture largely ignored by the dominant Resurrection.

European and Chinese Cross Cultural Encounters 17th Century Essay Example

European and Chinese Cross Cultural Encounters: 17th Century Essay The encounter between Chinese and European cultures in the 17th century highlighted the idea held by many in European culture that they were superior to the Chinese in matters of science, as well as society and religion. I will use two sources to support my argument. One is Louis Le Comte’s letter to Lord Philipeaux of France from 1697. Le Comte was a French Jesuit missionary who traveled to China in order to spread Christianity. His letter entailed observations and memoirs that covered how the Chinese approached scientific subjects, and what their scientific culture was like. The information in the letter gives us a clear look into what the French thought about the Chinese, which was also an idea that was held by many in Europe. The other source that I will use is the Chinese World Map of 1602, which was made by Matteo Ricci, Li Zhizao and Zhang Wentao, along with the translations from Ricci in its captions. These translations further demonstrate the European thought that they were superior to the Chinese in many aspects. In my essay I will analyze the European thought that they were superior to the Chinese, specifically in the sciences of astronomy, astrology, medicine, and geography. We will write a custom essay sample on European and Chinese Cross Cultural Encounters: 17th Century specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on European and Chinese Cross Cultural Encounters: 17th Century specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on European and Chinese Cross Cultural Encounters: 17th Century specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Before we get into the scientific subjects, and the culture which defines them, we need an understanding of how the Europeans perceived the Chinese. To do this we need to examine Le Comte’s letter. This will help us understand the rhetoric and argumentative tools that he uses to make the country of France appear understanding, while making the Chinese look arrogant. The irony of this letter is that, by criticizing the Chinese for being arrogant and rude, Le Comte is actually the one being arrogant and rude. Le Comte is blind to this matter because he does not believe that his country is flawed. An example of this is when Le Comte starts his letter by giving the Chinese credit for instilling â€Å"wit† in the people of Siam. After making an attempt to seem like he respects the Chinese he goes on to insult them by saying that the Chinese believe that the â€Å"People of the East† are â€Å"blind† and that they believe themselves to be â€Å"the most intelligent Nation in the World. 1 What Le Comte meant by this is that the Chinese viewed the Europeans as unknowing and in the dark. This view lacks credibility, for though the Chinese were an advanced culture and some Chinese philosophers or academics might have thought themselves superior to the Europeans, the Europeans definitely thought they were superior to the Chinese. By saying that the Chinese thought themselves superior he attempts to discredit them. This feeling of superiority is a moral superiority which stems from the belief that the French, Italians, and other Europeans held. The idea is that they held themselves to higher moral standards like politeness. The underlying component of the superiority complex that flowed through European nations was religion. Christianity was the major belief system and it shaped the way the natural world was thought of. The way science was conducted and thought of was especially shaped by Christian beliefs. They believed in one God and that this God controlled everything. They also believed that the way the natural world worked was because of God. This was contrary to what the Chinese thought. They believed in multiple beings and that there was energy called Qi that altered events in the natural world. This was looked down upon by European scholars, especially by the Jesuits and they set out to change the Chinese beliefs because they found them inadequate. This idea that the French were more advanced is evident in Le Comte’s reflection on Chinese astronomy. According to Le Comte, â€Å"that never did People in the World addict themselves so constantly to it. † He says that the Chinese used this science to make an abundance of observations but that the Chinese were vague in their notes and observations that they could not possibly maximize the benefits of these observations. This way of thinking about science as a way to benefit a culture is a very European way of thinking, and Le Comte is using it as a way to view his culture as superior because the Chinese do not use astronomy in the same way as Europeans use it. An outright example of the superiority which the Europeans feel is seen when Le Comte calls the Chinese astronomical tables imperfect, and that, although it took a while the Chinese astronomers finally grasped â€Å"some skill in Our Astronomy. †. He is making the assumption that the European approach to astronomy is the better than the Chinese approach. The final comment he makes on this subject is how Chinese successes in making calendars should be attributed to the Europeans. 5 By saying the Europeans should be credited with the Chinese’ calendar production; he makes the Chinese look dependent on them as a source of income. This supposed reliance that Le Comte says the Chinese have on the Europeans makes the Europeans seem much more superior. The same idea of superiority is echoed by Le Comte in his remarks on Chinese astrology, which we will take a look at in this paragraph. Le Comte is very negative in his view on the Chinese astrologers. He looks at them as having a â€Å"knack of Lying† and that they are being deceitful in saying, for example, that good days for building and marriages depend â€Å"upon the Influence of the Heavens†. The European explanation that he offers is that, rather than depending on the heavens, these things depend on the â€Å"Wisdom and Discretion of Men†. 4 This way of thinking is based off of Christianity. Their belief system would not support the idea that planetary motion, or celestial occurrences would influence things on Earth. In their minds God was the source that controlled nature and that the planets that were way out in space could not possibly effect events on earth. This idea that God controls heaven and earth, as Matteo Ricci says in the translations of his World Map, was the thought that the Jesuits were trying to instill in the Chinese. The attempt to Christianize the Chinese would require the Chinese to abandon their current knowledge system. This explains why Le Comte is so harsh towards the Chinese by calling them liars. What Le Comte is trying to do, by being extremely critical of the Chinese’ astrologers, is discredit the Chinese and attack their knowledge system by saying that it is flawed. This example shows how the Europeans thought that they were the more advanced culture, and it is also a good example of what lengths they would go to in order to instill their more perfect religion on the Chinese (My emphasis). Moving on to the science of medicine we see the same European idea that the Chinese were inferior. Le Comte attributes the lack of advancement in Chinese medicine to the desire of the Chinese to be more advanced in physics, natural philosophy and anatomy. We can see here, that even when the Europeans acknowledge the Chinese for being advanced in some areas, they still find a way to put a negative spin on that acknowledgement. Even the Chinese’ most â€Å"famous† science is degraded by Le Comte. â€Å"Pulses†, which made the Chinese famous throughout the World, was thought of by Chinese physicians as the â€Å"Foundation of all Medicine. 6 It is criticized by Le Comte because they did not use â€Å"reasoning and arguing† when practicing or learning this technique. 6 This â€Å"reasoning and arguing† that the Europeans believed was necessary for correct scientific practice came from the scientific method which they believed would allow them to learn subject matter and to conduct experiments. Since the Chinese did not use this method, the Europeans automatically thought that the Chinese method was inadequate and that their way was better. This led to the criticism of Chinese methods, and, just as with astrology, the Europeans accused the Chinese of â€Å"pretending† to know what they were doing because the Chinese relied on tradition and practice rather than methodology and testing. Le Compte goes on about how the Chinese â€Å"play the Prophet† and how people should not trust them because they use trickery in order to get people to pay money for a cure to their ailment. 7 He also highlights a Chinese medical practice which he says is â€Å"unmerciful†. The practice he is referring to is the application of a hot iron to the feet of people that are plagued with Colick which is a disease that causes â€Å"continual vomiting† and â€Å"Gripes†. The word that Le Compte uses to describe the practice is â€Å"unmerciful† and â€Å"violent†. He sees the Chinese as barbaric which would set himself, as a European, apart from the Chinese. Again, the European belief that they were greater than the Chinese is echoed in this description of medical practices. The Europeans believed that the Chinese had a habit of lying and deceiving in order to make a quick profit for any form of medicine. This is especially evident when Le Compte comments on the way which people were allowed practice medicine without being certified. He goes as far as to say that the Chinese who practice medicine without certification care more about the money they receive from their patient, than if their patient dies. The idea that someone needed to be certified to practice medicine is very European. The major problem that Le Comte seems to have with this way of thinking that the Chinese have is not that people are dying, but that the Chinese idea is different from Europe’s. Europeans believed themselves to be honest and caring about using medicine and medical practices to help people, which made them superior to the Chinese. This relates back to the moral superiority that they felt. Moving from medicine let’s take a look at geography and map making. During Matteo Ricci’s time in China he met Mr. Li Wo-ts’un, a studier of geography who made maps of the world. Ricci brought a map, that he made, to him and Wo-ts’un became â€Å"deeply interested† in it. After seeing this map Wo-ts’un convinced himself that â€Å"the correspondence between celestial circles and the terrestrial degrees of latitude and longitude was based on an immutable law. † For an entire year he made â€Å"painstaking calculations† but, according to Ricci, Wo-ts’un neglected the â€Å"narrow scope† of his own map. Now, in order to remedy this Wo-ts’un asked Ricci to make a much larger map, and Ricci agreed. Ricci’s description of why he agreed to make the map is an attempt to belittle Wo-ts’un’s map making skills. At the same time, Ricci attempts to seem fair by saying that he will need help in making this new map from the old maps of his â€Å"humble country†. However, he is the opposite of humble when he finishes making the new map. Ricci starts making a speech about how God was the reason that he made this incredible map and that he looks â€Å"with hope and expectation to those who, like himself (myself), are sojourners on this earth†. This is an attempt to give credit to his Christian God. Ricci’s purpose of being in China was to spread Christianity, so any chance to make his religion appear as if it were the reason for something important is taken. By examining the desire to spread their own religion to the Chinese, we see that the European’s felt like the Chinese belief system was inadequate, and that they needed to believe in something else. This is the concrete example of the importance that the Europeans felt. Religion was the key motivator that made Europeans feel superior to the Chinese. By examining the encounter that the European missionaries and Chinese had in the 17th century we see that the Europeans felt superior to the Chinese. This feeling was evident when Ricci and Le Compte compared the sciences of astronomy, astrology, medicine, and geography. The belief in Christianity that the European missionaries had was the foundation of the cause of this superior feeling. Comments: This cultural encounter was very interesting because it highlighted how the European’s were very intent on pushing their religion on the Chinese. One thing I did not mention was that the Chinese did not give in to the Jesuit missionaries because I do not believe it would add anything to the essay. Bibliography ) Matteo Ricci, Li Zhizao, and Zang Wentao. World Map of 1602. 2) Giles, Lionel. â€Å"Translations from the Chinese World Map of Father Ricci. † In two files corresponding to two dates of publication in, The Geographical Journal, Vol. 52, No. 6 (Dec. , 1918), pp. 367-385, and The Geographical Journal, Vol. 53, No. 1 (Jan. , 1919), pp. 19-30 3) Le Comte, Louis. Memoirs and Observations Typographical, Physical, Mathem atical, Mechanical, Natural, Civil, and Ecclesiastical, Made In a Late Journey Through the Empire of China, and Published In Several Letters†¦ with Many Other Curious and Useful Remarks. London: Printed for Benj. Tooke†¦, and Sam. Buckley †¦, 1697. [ 1 ]. Le Comte, Louis. p. 220 [ 2 ]. Le Comte, Louis p. 222 [ 3 ]. Le Comte, p. 222 [ 4 ]. Le Comte, p. 223 [ 5 ]. Giles, Lionel p. 370 [ 6 ]. Le Comte, Louis p. 224 [ 7 ]. Le Comte, Louis p. 225 [ 8 ]. Le Comte, Louis p. 227 [ 9 ]. Le Comte, Louis p. 231 [ 10 ]. Giles, Lionel p. 368 [ 11 ]. Giles, Lionel p. 369

The Presidents Role in the U.S. Federal Budget Process

The Presidents Role in the U.S. Federal Budget Process The annual federal budget process begins the first Monday in February of each year and should be concluded by October 1, the start of the new Federal Fiscal Year. In some make that most years, the October 1 date is not met. Here is how the process is supposed to work. The President Submits a Budget Proposal to Congress In the first step of the annual U.S. federal budget process, the President of the United States formulates and submits a budget request for the upcoming fiscal year to Congress. Under the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921, the president is required to submit his or her proposed budget to Congress for each government fiscal year, the 12-month period beginning on October 1 and ending on September 30 of the next calendar year. Current federal budget law requires the president to submit the budget proposal budget between the first Monday in January and the first Monday in February. Typically, the president’s budget is submitted during the first week of February. However, especially in years when the new, incoming president belongs to a different party than the former president, submittal of the budget may be delayed. The president’s budget proposal may also be delayed by pressing government financial difficulties. For example, President Barack Obama did not submit his FY 2014 budget proposal until April 10, 2013, due to ongoing negotiations with Congress over the implementation of the budget sequester and mandatory spending cuts dictated by the Budget Control Act of 2011. In fiscal year 2016, the federal budget called for the expenditure of nearly $4 trillion. So, as you might imagine, deciding exactly how that much taxpayer money is to be spent represents a major part of the president’s job. While the formulation of the president’s annual budget proposal takes several months, the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 (the Budget Act) requires that it be presented to Congress on or before the first Monday in February. In formulating the budget request, the president is assisted by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), a major, independent part of the Executive Office of the President. The president’s budget proposals, as well as the final approved budget, are posted on the OMB website. Based on the input of the federal agencies, the presidents budget proposal projects estimated spending, revenue, and borrowing levels broken down by functional categories for the coming fiscal year to start on October 1.The president’s budget proposal includes volumes of information prepared by the president intended to convince Congress that the president’s spending priorities and amounts are justified. In addition, each federal executive branch agency and independent agency includes its own funding request and supporting information. All of these documents are also posted on the OMB website. The presidents budget proposal includes a suggested level of funding for each Cabinet-level agency and all programs currently administered by them. The presidents budget proposal serves as a starting point for the Congress to consider. Congress is under no obligation to adopt all or any of the Presidents budget and often makes significant changes. However, since the President must ultimately approve all future bills they might pass, Congress is often reluctant to completely ignore the spending priorities of the Presidents budget. House and Senate Budget Committees Report the Budget Resolution The Congressional Budget Act requires passage of an annual Congressional Budget Resolution, a concurrent resolution passed in identical form by both House and Senate, but not requiring the Presidents signature. The Budget Resolution is an important document providing Congress an opportunity to lay out its own spending, revenue, borrowing and economic goals for the coming fiscal year, as well as the next five future fiscal years. In recent years, the Budget Resolution has included suggestions for government program spending reforms leading to the goal of a balanced budget. Both the House and Senate Budget Committees hold hearings on the annual Budget Resolution. The committees seek testimony from presidential administration officials, Members of Congress and expert witnesses. Based on testimony and their deliberations, each committee writes or marks-up its respective version of the Budget Resolution. The Budget Committees are required to present or report their final Budget Resolution for consideration by the full House and Senate by April 1. Next Steps: Congress Prepares its Budget Resolution

Department of Agriculture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Department of Agriculture - Research Paper Example This rule proposes changing the marketing agreements that are established between packers and suppliers through the changing of judicial precedent. Ultimately this would make it easier for suppliers to sue in the Packers & Stockyards Act Lawsuit. Furthermore, this act would make it less likely that a packers union to utilize such an agreement. In the end, it was postulated that most, Cattle, Pig & Poultry producers as well as meat & poultry processors oppose this regulatory change. In the past, these marketing agreements help livestock producers manage volatile changes in prices through the establishment of long term contracts. In many respects it has been argued that these long term agreements only benefit large packing concerns and by banning these agreements it becomes easier for smaller packers to compete and ultimately create more bidding pressure on cattle, pig & poultry producers. Although this sounds great on paper the experience in reality may not be the same. Many producers favor long term agreements owing to a great deal of uncertainty in the price of livestock. The paper demonstrated that the price of livestock is 500% more volatile than the price of meat. ... This (Theoretically) would lead to a decreased demand for meat. The cascading effect may not only lead to overall drop in demand for meat and meat byproducts but could also lead to a decline in the quantity of jobs in the industry. If producers would not be allowed to enter into long term marketing agreements, ultimately there would be a 500% more volatile would translate to higher uncertainty in the market and make it difficult to guarantee long-term stable employment. Currently there are more than 14 million people looking for employment in the United States and this regulatory change would theoretically remove approximately 21,000 stable jobs from the worker pool. The implications from this would be a strongly negative effect on the American economy. Moreover one could postulate that these changes would also have a negative effect on the long term prospects of stable employment for retailers as well. With increased prices of meat products this may reduce the overall profitability of meat products at the retail level. Lastly this uncertainty would lead to a difficulty in the production of quality production products such as raising U.S. Prime or top end U.S. Choice. Without a guarantee that top quality livestock will receive a profitable price, than it may be the case that many ranchers will focus their efforts away from breeding higher quality cattle and move towards more generic cattle. In terms of trickle down effect one can expect some negative consequences for suppliers to the cattle, pork and poultry industries. As there is less incentive to produce high quality livestock one can expect a negative consequence for growers of